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Fri, 16 May 2025 11:00:10 GMT Received: from smtpav04.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id 5D55E58056; Fri, 16 May 2025 11:00:10 +0000 (GMT) Received: from smtpav04.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (unknown [127.0.0.1]) by IMSVA (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7FEA65805A; Fri, 16 May 2025 11:00:05 +0000 (GMT) Received: from [9.109.245.113] (unknown [9.109.245.113]) by smtpav04.dal12v.mail.ibm.com (Postfix) with ESMTP; Fri, 16 May 2025 11:00:05 +0000 (GMT) Message-ID: Date: Fri, 16 May 2025 16:30:04 +0530 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 1/4] driver/base: Optimize memory block registration to reduce boot time To: David Hildenbrand , Andrew Morton , Mike Rapoport , Oscar Salvador , Zi Yan Cc: Ritesh Harjani , rafael@kernel.org, Danilo Krummrich , Greg Kroah-Hartman , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, Jonathan Cameron , Alison Schofield , Yury Norov , Dave Jiang References: <56cb2494-56ba-4895-9dd1-23243c2eecdb@redhat.com> Content-Language: en-US From: Donet Tom In-Reply-To: <56cb2494-56ba-4895-9dd1-23243c2eecdb@redhat.com> Content-Type: text/plain; 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The `memory blocks` to be registered are identified >> using >> the node’s start and end PFNs, which are obtained from the node's >> pg_data >> >> However, not all PFNs within this range necessarily belong to the same >> node—some may belong to other nodes. Additionally, due to the >> discontiguous nature of physical memory, certain sections within a >> `memory block` may be absent. >> >> As a result, `memory blocks` that fall between a node’s start and end >> PFNs may span across multiple nodes, and some sections within those >> blocks >> may be missing. `Memory blocks` have a fixed size, which is architecture >> dependent. >> >> Due to these considerations, the memory block registration is currently >> performed as follows: >> >> for_each_online_node(nid): >>      start_pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn; >>      end_pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn + node_spanned_pages; >>      for_each_memory_block_between(PFN_PHYS(start_pfn), >> PFN_PHYS(end_pfn)) >>          mem_blk = memory_block_id(pfn_to_section_nr(pfn)); >> pfn_mb_start=section_nr_to_pfn(mem_blk->start_section_nr) >>          pfn_mb_end = pfn_start + memory_block_pfns - 1 >>          for (pfn = pfn_mb_start; pfn < pfn_mb_end; pfn++): >>              if (get_nid_for_pfn(pfn) != nid): >>                  continue; >>              else >>                  do_register_memory_block_under_node(nid, mem_blk, >> MEMINIT_EARLY); >> >> Here, we derive the start and end PFNs from the node's pg_data, then >> determine the memory blocks that may belong to the node. For each >> `memory block` in this range, we inspect all PFNs it contains and check >> their associated NUMA node ID. If a PFN within the block matches the >> current node, the memory block is registered under that node. >> >> If CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled, get_nid_for_pfn() >> performs >> a binary search in the `memblock regions` to determine the NUMA node ID >> for a given PFN. If it is not enabled, the node ID is retrieved directly >> from the struct page. >> >> On large systems, this process can become time-consuming, especially >> since >> we iterate over each `memory block` and all PFNs within it until a >> match is >> found. When CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled, the additional >> overhead of the binary search increases the execution time >> significantly, >> potentially leading to soft lockups during boot. >> >> In this patch, we iterate over `memblock region` to identify the >> `memory blocks` that belong to the current NUMA node. `memblock regions` >> are contiguous memory ranges, each associated with a single NUMA >> node, and >> they do not span across multiple nodes. >> >> for_each_online_node(nid): >>    for_each_memory_region(r): // r => region >>      if (r->nid != nid): >>        continue; >>      else >>        for_each_memory_block_between(r->base, r->base + r->size - 1): >>          do_register_memory_block_under_node(nid, mem_blk, >> MEMINIT_EARLY); >> >> We iterate over all `memblock regions` and identify those that belong to >> the current NUMA node. For each `memblock region` associated with the >> current node, we calculate the start and end `memory blocks` based on >> the >> region's start and end PFNs. We then register all `memory blocks` within >> that range under the current node. >> >> Test Results on My system with 32TB RAM >> ======================================= >> 1. Boot time with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT enabled. >> >> Without this patch >> ------------------ >> Startup finished in 1min 16.528s (kernel) >> >> With this patch >> --------------- >> Startup finished in 17.236s (kernel) - 78% Improvement >> >> 2. Boot time with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT disabled. >> >> Without this patch >> ------------------ >> Startup finished in 28.320s (kernel) >> >> With this patch >> --------------- >> Startup finished in 15.621s (kernel) - 46% Improvement >> >> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand >> Acked-by: Zi Yan >> Signed-off-by: Donet Tom >> >> --- >> v3 -> v4 >> >> Addressed Mike's comment by making node_dev_init() call >> __register_one_node(). >> >> V3 - >> https://lore.kernel.org/all/b49ed289096643ff5b5fbedcf1d1c1be42845a74.1746250339.git.donettom@linux.ibm.com/ >> v2 - >> https://lore.kernel.org/all/fbe1e0c7d91bf3fa9a64ff5d84b53ded1d0d5ac7.1745852397.git.donettom@linux.ibm.com/ >> v1 - >> https://lore.kernel.org/all/50142a29010463f436dc5c4feb540e5de3bb09df.1744175097.git.donettom@linux.ibm.com/ >> --- >>   drivers/base/memory.c  |  4 ++-- >>   drivers/base/node.c    | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- >>   include/linux/memory.h |  2 ++ >>   include/linux/node.h   |  3 +++ >>   4 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) >> >> diff --git a/drivers/base/memory.c b/drivers/base/memory.c >> index 19469e7f88c2..7f1d266ae593 100644 >> --- a/drivers/base/memory.c >> +++ b/drivers/base/memory.c >> @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static inline unsigned long >> pfn_to_block_id(unsigned long pfn) >>       return memory_block_id(pfn_to_section_nr(pfn)); >>   } >>   -static inline unsigned long phys_to_block_id(unsigned long phys) >> +unsigned long phys_to_block_id(unsigned long phys) >>   { >>       return pfn_to_block_id(PFN_DOWN(phys)); >>   } > > > I was wondering whether we should move all these helpers into a > header, and export sections_per_block instead. Probably doesn't really > matter for your use case. So, memory_block_id(), pfn_to_block_id(), and phys_to_block_id() should be moved to memory.h, right? I will do it and send the next version. > >> @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ int __weak arch_get_memory_phys_device(unsigned >> long start_pfn) >>    * >>    * Called under device_hotplug_lock. >>    */ >> -static struct memory_block *find_memory_block_by_id(unsigned long >> block_id) >> +struct memory_block *find_memory_block_by_id(unsigned long block_id) >>   { >>       struct memory_block *mem; >>   diff --git a/drivers/base/node.c b/drivers/base/node.c >> index cd13ef287011..f8cafd8c8fb1 100644 >> --- a/drivers/base/node.c >> +++ b/drivers/base/node.c >> @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ >>   #include >>   #include >>   #include >> +#include >>     static const struct bus_type node_subsys = { >>       .name = "node", >> @@ -850,6 +851,43 @@ void unregister_memory_block_under_nodes(struct >> memory_block *mem_blk) >> kobject_name(&node_devices[mem_blk->nid]->dev.kobj)); >>   } >>   +/* >> + * register_memory_blocks_under_node_early : Register the memory >> + *          blocks under the current node. >> + * @nid : Current node under registration >> + * >> + * This function iterates over all memblock regions and identifies >> the regions >> + * that belong to the current node. For each region which belongs to >> current >> + * node, it calculates the start and end memory blocks based on the >> region's >> + * start and end PFNs. It then registers all memory blocks within >> that range >> + * under the current node. >> + */ >> +static void register_memory_blocks_under_node_early(int nid) >> +{ >> +    struct memblock_region *r; >> + >> +    for_each_mem_region(r) { >> +        if (r->nid != nid) >> +            continue; >> + >> +        const unsigned long start_block_id = phys_to_block_id(r->base); >> +        const unsigned long end_block_id = phys_to_block_id(r->base >> + r->size - 1); >> +        unsigned long block_id; > > This should definitely be above the if(). > Sure, I will change it. > >> + >> +        for (block_id = start_block_id; block_id <= end_block_id; >> block_id++) { >> +            struct memory_block *mem; >> + >> +            mem = find_memory_block_by_id(block_id); >> +            if (!mem) >> +                continue; >> + >> +            do_register_memory_block_under_node(nid, mem, >> MEMINIT_EARLY); >> +            put_device(&mem->dev); >> +        } >> + >> +    } >> +} >> + >>   void register_memory_blocks_under_node(int nid, unsigned long >> start_pfn, >>                          unsigned long end_pfn, >>                          enum meminit_context context) >> @@ -974,8 +1012,9 @@ void __init node_dev_init(void) >>        * to applicable memory block devices and already created cpu >> devices. >>        */ >>       for_each_online_node(i) { >> -        ret = register_one_node(i); >> +        ret =  __register_one_node(i); >>           if (ret) >>               panic("%s() failed to add node: %d\n", __func__, ret); >> +        register_memory_blocks_under_node_early(i); >>       } > > In general, LGTM. > > > BUT :) > > I was wondering whether having a register_memory_blocks_early() call > *after* the for_each_online_node(), and walking all memory regions > only once would make a difference. > > We'd have to be smart about memory blocks that fall into multiple > regions, but it should be a corner case and doable. > > OTOH, we usually don't expect having a lot of regions, so iterating > over them is probably not a big bottleneck? Anyhow, just wanted to > raise it. >