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Fri, 13 Dec 2019 15:38:39 +0000 (UTC) From: Vlastimil Babka Subject: workingset transition detection corner case Autocrypt: addr=vbabka@suse.cz; prefer-encrypt=mutual; keydata= mQINBFZdmxYBEADsw/SiUSjB0dM+vSh95UkgcHjzEVBlby/Fg+g42O7LAEkCYXi/vvq31JTB KxRWDHX0R2tgpFDXHnzZcQywawu8eSq0LxzxFNYMvtB7sV1pxYwej2qx9B75qW2plBs+7+YB 87tMFA+u+L4Z5xAzIimfLD5EKC56kJ1CsXlM8S/LHcmdD9Ctkn3trYDNnat0eoAcfPIP2OZ+ 9oe9IF/R28zmh0ifLXyJQQz5ofdj4bPf8ecEW0rhcqHfTD8k4yK0xxt3xW+6Exqp9n9bydiy tcSAw/TahjW6yrA+6JhSBv1v2tIm+itQc073zjSX8OFL51qQVzRFr7H2UQG33lw2QrvHRXqD Ot7ViKam7v0Ho9wEWiQOOZlHItOOXFphWb2yq3nzrKe45oWoSgkxKb97MVsQ+q2SYjJRBBH4 8qKhphADYxkIP6yut/eaj9ImvRUZZRi0DTc8xfnvHGTjKbJzC2xpFcY0DQbZzuwsIZ8OPJCc LM4S7mT25NE5kUTG/TKQCk922vRdGVMoLA7dIQrgXnRXtyT61sg8PG4wcfOnuWf8577aXP1x 6mzw3/jh3F+oSBHb/GcLC7mvWreJifUL2gEdssGfXhGWBo6zLS3qhgtwjay0Jl+kza1lo+Cv BB2T79D4WGdDuVa4eOrQ02TxqGN7G0Biz5ZLRSFzQSQwLn8fbwARAQABtCBWbGFzdGltaWwg QmFia2EgPHZiYWJrYUBzdXNlLmN6PokCVAQTAQoAPgIbAwULCQgHAwUVCgkICwUWAgMBAAIe AQIXgBYhBKlA1DSZLC6OmRA9UCJPp+fMgqZkBQJcbbyGBQkH8VTqAAoJECJPp+fMgqZkpGoP /1jhVihakxw1d67kFhPgjWrbzaeAYOJu7Oi79D8BL8Vr5dmNPygbpGpJaCHACWp+10KXj9yz fWABs01KMHnZsAIUytVsQv35DMMDzgwVmnoEIRBhisMYOQlH2bBn/dqBjtnhs7zTL4xtqEcF 1hoUFEByMOey7gm79utTk09hQE/Zo2x0Ikk98sSIKBETDCl4mkRVRlxPFl4O/w8dSaE4eczH LrKezaFiZOv6S1MUKVKzHInonrCqCNbXAHIeZa3JcXCYj1wWAjOt9R3NqcWsBGjFbkgoKMGD usiGabetmQjXNlVzyOYdAdrbpVRNVnaL91sB2j8LRD74snKsV0Wzwt90YHxDQ5z3M75YoIdl byTKu3BUuqZxkQ/emEuxZ7aRJ1Zw7cKo/IVqjWaQ1SSBDbZ8FAUPpHJxLdGxPRN8Pfw8blKY 8mvLJKoF6i9T6+EmlyzxqzOFhcc4X5ig5uQoOjTIq6zhLO+nqVZvUDd2Kz9LMOCYb516cwS/ Enpi0TcZ5ZobtLqEaL4rupjcJG418HFQ1qxC95u5FfNki+YTmu6ZLXy+1/9BDsPuZBOKYpUm 3HWSnCS8J5Ny4SSwfYPH/JrtberWTcCP/8BHmoSpS/3oL3RxrZRRVnPHFzQC6L1oKvIuyXYF rkybPXYbmNHN+jTD3X8nRqo+4Qhmu6SHi3VquQENBFsZNQwBCACuowprHNSHhPBKxaBX7qOv KAGCmAVhK0eleElKy0sCkFghTenu1sA9AV4okL84qZ9gzaEoVkgbIbDgRbKY2MGvgKxXm+kY n8tmCejKoeyVcn9Xs0K5aUZiDz4Ll9VPTiXdf8YcjDgeP6/l4kHb4uSW4Aa9ds0xgt0gP1Xb AMwBlK19YvTDZV5u3YVoGkZhspfQqLLtBKSt3FuxTCU7hxCInQd3FHGJT/IIrvm07oDO2Y8J DXWHGJ9cK49bBGmK9B4ajsbe5GxtSKFccu8BciNluF+BqbrIiM0upJq5Xqj4y+Xjrpwqm4/M ScBsV0Po7qdeqv0pEFIXKj7IgO/d4W2bABEBAAGJA3IEGAEKACYWIQSpQNQ0mSwujpkQPVAi T6fnzIKmZAUCWxk1DAIbAgUJA8JnAAFACRAiT6fnzIKmZMB0IAQZAQoAHRYhBKZ2GgCcqNxn k0Sx9r6Fd25170XjBQJbGTUMAAoJEL6Fd25170XjDBUH/2jQ7a8g+FC2qBYxU/aCAVAVY0NE YuABL4LJ5+iWwmqUh0V9+lU88Cv4/G8fWwU+hBykSXhZXNQ5QJxyR7KWGy7LiPi7Cvovu+1c 9Z9HIDNd4u7bxGKMpn19U12ATUBHAlvphzluVvXsJ23ES/F1c59d7IrgOnxqIcXxr9dcaJ2K k9VP3TfrjP3g98OKtSsyH0xMu0MCeyewf1piXyukFRRMKIErfThhmNnLiDbaVy6biCLx408L Mo4cCvEvqGKgRwyckVyo3JuhqreFeIKBOE1iHvf3x4LU8cIHdjhDP9Wf6ws1XNqIvve7oV+w B56YWoalm1rq00yUbs2RoGcXmtX1JQ//aR/paSuLGLIb3ecPB88rvEXPsizrhYUzbe1TTkKc 4a4XwW4wdc6pRPVFMdd5idQOKdeBk7NdCZXNzoieFntyPpAq+DveK01xcBoXQ2UktIFIsXey uSNdLd5m5lf7/3f0BtaY//f9grm363NUb9KBsTSnv6Vx7Co0DWaxgC3MFSUhxzBzkJNty+2d 10jvtwOWzUN+74uXGRYSq5WefQWqqQNnx+IDb4h81NmpIY/X0PqZrapNockj3WHvpbeVFAJ0 9MRzYP3x8e5OuEuJfkNnAbwRGkDy98nXW6fKeemREjr8DWfXLKFWroJzkbAVmeIL0pjXATxr +tj5JC0uvMrrXefUhXTo0SNoTsuO/OsAKOcVsV/RHHTwCDR2e3W8mOlA3QbYXsscgjghbuLh J3oTRrOQa8tUXWqcd5A0+QPo5aaMHIK0UAthZsry5EmCY3BrbXUJlt+23E93hXQvfcsmfi0N rNh81eknLLWRYvMOsrbIqEHdZBT4FHHiGjnck6EYx/8F5BAZSodRVEAgXyC8IQJ+UVa02QM5 D2VL8zRXZ6+wARKjgSrW+duohn535rG/ypd0ctLoXS6dDrFokwTQ2xrJiLbHp9G+noNTHSan ExaRzyLbvmblh3AAznb68cWmM3WVkceWACUalsoTLKF1sGrrIBj5updkKkzbKOq5gcC5AQ0E Wxk1NQEIAJ9B+lKxYlnKL5IehF1XJfknqsjuiRzj5vnvVrtFcPlSFL12VVFVUC2tT0A1Iuo9 NAoZXEeuoPf1dLDyHErrWnDyn3SmDgb83eK5YS/K363RLEMOQKWcawPJGGVTIRZgUSgGusKL NuZqE5TCqQls0x/OPljufs4gk7E1GQEgE6M90Xbp0w/r0HB49BqjUzwByut7H2wAdiNAbJWZ F5GNUS2/2IbgOhOychHdqYpWTqyLgRpf+atqkmpIJwFRVhQUfwztuybgJLGJ6vmh/LyNMRr8 J++SqkpOFMwJA81kpjuGR7moSrUIGTbDGFfjxmskQV/W/c25Xc6KaCwXah3OJ40AEQEAAYkC PAQYAQoAJhYhBKlA1DSZLC6OmRA9UCJPp+fMgqZkBQJbGTU1AhsMBQkDwmcAAAoJECJPp+fM gqZkPN4P/Ra4NbETHRj5/fM1fjtngt4dKeX/6McUPDIRuc58B6FuCQxtk7sX3ELs+1+w3eSV rHI5cOFRSdgw/iKwwBix8D4Qq0cnympZ622KJL2wpTPRLlNaFLoe5PkoORAjVxLGplvQIlhg miljQ3R63ty3+MZfkSVsYITlVkYlHaSwP2t8g7yTVa+q8ZAx0NT9uGWc/1Sg8j/uoPGrctml hFNGBTYyPq6mGW9jqaQ8en3ZmmJyw3CHwxZ5FZQ5qc55xgshKiy8jEtxh+dgB9d8zE/S/UGI E99N/q+kEKSgSMQMJ/CYPHQJVTi4YHh1yq/qTkHRX+ortrF5VEeDJDv+SljNStIxUdroPD29 2ijoaMFTAU+uBtE14UP5F+LWdmRdEGS1Ah1NwooL27uAFllTDQxDhg/+LJ/TqB8ZuidOIy1B xVKRSg3I2m+DUTVqBy7Lixo73hnW69kSjtqCeamY/NSu6LNP+b0wAOKhwz9hBEwEHLp05+mj 5ZFJyfGsOiNUcMoO/17FO4EBxSDP3FDLllpuzlFD7SXkfJaMWYmXIlO0jLzdfwfcnDzBbPwO hBM8hvtsyq8lq8vJOxv6XD6xcTtj5Az8t2JjdUX6SF9hxJpwhBU0wrCoGDkWp4Bbv6jnF7zP Nzftr4l8RuJoywDIiJpdaNpSlXKpj/K6KrnyAI/joYc7 To: Johannes Weiner Cc: linux-mm , Michal Hocko , Mel Gorman , Vladimir Davydov , Rik van Riel , Roman Gushchin Message-ID: Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2019 16:38:38 +0100 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/68.2.2 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Language: en-US Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: Hi Johannes, we have been debugging an issue reported against our 4.12-based kernel, where a DB-based workload would start thrashing badly at some point, making the system unusable. This didn't happen when replacing the kernel with older 4.4-based one (and keeping everything else the same). Unfortunately we don't have the reproducer in-house and the conditions might be also configuration specific (rootfs is on NFS), but we provided vmstat monitoring instructions and later tracing and from the data we got we found that the workload at some point fills almost the whole memory with anonymous pages (namely shmem), pushing almost the whole page cache out, and filling part of the swap. The 4.4-based kernel then recovers quickly without excessive anon swapping, which suggests the shmem pages stop being frequently accessed. However the 4.12-based kernel is unable to recover and grow the page cache back (both active and inactive) and keeps thrashing on it. We have considered the large upstream changes between 4.4 and 4.12 which include memcg awareness (but there's a single memcg and disabling memcg makes no difference) and node-based reclaim (there's no disproportionally sized zone). Then we suspected 4.12 commit 2a2e48854d70 ("mm: vmscan: fix IO/refault regression in cache workingset transition") and how it affects inactive_list_is_low() when called from shrink_list() - the theory was that we decide to shrink file active list too much (by setting inactive_ratio=0) due to refault detection, which in turn means we shrink file pages too much. This was confirmed by removing the inactive_ratio=0 part, after which the 4.12-based kernel stopped thrashing with the workload. Then we investigated what leads to the main condition of the logic - "lruvec->refaults != refaults", by adding some more tracing to inactive_list_is_low() and snapshot_refaults(). We suspected bad interactions due to multiple direct reclaimers, but what I mostly see is the following pattern of kswapd activity: - kswapd finishes balancing, makes a snapshot of lruvec->refaults - after a while (can be up to few seconds) kswapd is woken up again and the number of refaults meanwhile is changed by some relatively small number (tens or hundreds) since the snapshot, so the condition "lruvec->refaults != refaults" becomes true. - inactive_list_is_low() keeps being called as part of kswapd operation, always the condition is true as the snapshot didn't change. During that time, the refaults counter is either unchanged or changes only by a few refaults. Thus, the whole kswapd activity on the file lru is focused on the active lru. Since the intention of commit 2a2e48854d70 is to detect workingset transitions, it seems to me it's not working well in this case, as there's no such transition - the workload just cannot keep its page cache working set in memory, because it's excessively reclaimed instead of anonymous memory. The '!=' condition is perhaps too coarse and static and doesn't reflect how many refaults there were or if refaults keep happening during kswapd operation - a single refault between two kswapd runs can affect the whole second run. I wonder if there shouldn't be at least some kind of decay - when the condition triggers, update the snapshot to a value between the old snapshot and current value, so if refaults do not keep occuring, after some number of calls the condition will stop being true? What do you think? I should also mention that we don't have the relatively recent commit 2c012a4ad1a2 ("mm: vmscan: scan anonymous pages on file refaults") in the 4.12-based kernel. It could in theory make the problem also go away, as the "excessively true" condition would now also be considered when inactive_list_is_low() is called from get_scan_count() (in v5.4; I know there were big reorganizations in last merge window), and perhaps change some SCAN_FILE outcomes to SCAN_FRACT. But I think it would be better to do something with the root cause first.