[PATCH v1] mm: kmsan: add tests for high-order page freeing

[PATCH v1] mm: kmsan: add tests for high-order page freeing

[Alexander Potapenko]

Add regression tests to verify that KMSAN correctly poisons the full memory
range when freeing pages.

Specifically, verify that accessing the tail pages of a high-order
non-compound allocation triggers a use-after-free report. This ensures
that the fix "mm: kmsan: Fix poisoning of high-order non-compound pages"
is working as expected.

Also add a test for standard order-0 pages for completeness.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260104134348.3544298-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/
Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
---
 mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c b/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c
index 902ec48b1e3e6..25cfba0db2cfb 100644
--- a/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c
+++ b/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ static void test_init_vmalloc(struct kunit *test)
 	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
 }
 
-/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works. */
+/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works for kmalloc. */
 static void test_uaf(struct kunit *test)
 {
 	EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(expect);
@@ -378,6 +378,50 @@ static void test_uaf(struct kunit *test)
 	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
 }
 
+/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works for freed pages. */
+static void test_uaf_pages(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(expect);
+	const int order = 0;
+	volatile char value;
+	struct page *page;
+	volatile char *var;
+
+	kunit_info(test, "use-after-free on a freed page (UMR report)\n");
+
+	/* Memory is initialized up until __free_pages() thanks to __GFP_ZERO. */
+	page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, order);
+	var = page_address(page);
+	__free_pages(page, order);
+
+	/* Copy the invalid value before checking it. */
+	value = var[3];
+	USE(value);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
+}
+
+/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works for alloc_pages. */
+static void test_uaf_high_order_pages(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(expect);
+	const int order = 1;
+	volatile char value;
+	struct page *page;
+	volatile char *var;
+
+	kunit_info(test,
+		   "use-after-free on a freed high-order page (UMR report)\n");
+
+	page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, order);
+	var = page_address(page) + PAGE_SIZE;
+	__free_pages(page, order);
+
+	/* Copy the invalid value before checking it. */
+	value = var[3];
+	USE(value);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
+}
+
 /*
  * Test case: ensure that uninitialized values are propagated through per-CPU
  * memory.
@@ -683,6 +727,8 @@ static struct kunit_case kmsan_test_cases[] = {
 	KUNIT_CASE(test_init_kmsan_vmap_vunmap),
 	KUNIT_CASE(test_init_vmalloc),
 	KUNIT_CASE(test_uaf),
+	KUNIT_CASE(test_uaf_pages),
+	KUNIT_CASE(test_uaf_high_order_pages),
 	KUNIT_CASE(test_percpu_propagate),
 	KUNIT_CASE(test_printk),
 	KUNIT_CASE(test_init_memcpy),
-- 
2.52.0.457.g6b5491de43-goog

Re: [PATCH v1] mm: kmsan: add tests for high-order page freeing

[Ryan Roberts]

On 12/01/2026 14:51, Alexander Potapenko wrote:
> Add regression tests to verify that KMSAN correctly poisons the full memory
> range when freeing pages.
> 
> Specifically, verify that accessing the tail pages of a high-order
> non-compound allocation triggers a use-after-free report. This ensures
> that the fix "mm: kmsan: Fix poisoning of high-order non-compound pages"
> is working as expected.
> 
> Also add a test for standard order-0 pages for completeness.
> 
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260104134348.3544298-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/
> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
> ---
>  mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c b/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c
> index 902ec48b1e3e6..25cfba0db2cfb 100644
> --- a/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c
> +++ b/mm/kmsan/kmsan_test.c
> @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ static void test_init_vmalloc(struct kunit *test)
>  	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
>  }
>  
> -/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works. */
> +/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works for kmalloc. */
>  static void test_uaf(struct kunit *test)
>  {
>  	EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(expect);
> @@ -378,6 +378,50 @@ static void test_uaf(struct kunit *test)
>  	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
>  }
>  
> +/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works for freed pages. */
> +static void test_uaf_pages(struct kunit *test)
> +{
> +	EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(expect);
> +	const int order = 0;
> +	volatile char value;
> +	struct page *page;
> +	volatile char *var;
> +
> +	kunit_info(test, "use-after-free on a freed page (UMR report)\n");
> +
> +	/* Memory is initialized up until __free_pages() thanks to __GFP_ZERO. */
> +	page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, order);
> +	var = page_address(page);
> +	__free_pages(page, order);
> +
> +	/* Copy the invalid value before checking it. */
> +	value = var[3];
> +	USE(value);
> +	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
> +}
> +
> +/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works for alloc_pages. */
> +static void test_uaf_high_order_pages(struct kunit *test)
> +{
> +	EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(expect);
> +	const int order = 1;
> +	volatile char value;
> +	struct page *page;
> +	volatile char *var;
> +
> +	kunit_info(test,
> +		   "use-after-free on a freed high-order page (UMR report)\n");
> +
> +	page = alloc_pages(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, order);
> +	var = page_address(page) + PAGE_SIZE;
> +	__free_pages(page, order);
> +
> +	/* Copy the invalid value before checking it. */
> +	value = var[3];
> +	USE(value);
> +	KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
> +}

test_uaf_pages() and test_uaf_high_order_pages() are the same except for the
value of order. Does it make sense to create a single parameterized helper that
gets called from the 2 tests wrappers?

Functionally looks correct though, so either way, feel free to add:

Reviewed-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>

> +
>  /*
>   * Test case: ensure that uninitialized values are propagated through per-CPU
>   * memory.
> @@ -683,6 +727,8 @@ static struct kunit_case kmsan_test_cases[] = {
>  	KUNIT_CASE(test_init_kmsan_vmap_vunmap),
>  	KUNIT_CASE(test_init_vmalloc),
>  	KUNIT_CASE(test_uaf),
> +	KUNIT_CASE(test_uaf_pages),
> +	KUNIT_CASE(test_uaf_high_order_pages),
>  	KUNIT_CASE(test_percpu_propagate),
>  	KUNIT_CASE(test_printk),
>  	KUNIT_CASE(test_init_memcpy),