the attached highmem-2.3.30-B4 patch (against 2.3.30-pre5) fixes the bug noticed by Stephen: PAE mode must always use atomic 64-bit stores to update page table entries, otherwise TLBs might get corrupted. (we do not use atomic load-modify-stores because access to pagetables is serialized by the pagetable spinlock.) this actually was a bit more complex because a number of places within the x86 architecture modified ptes directly. with this patch the 64GB kernel runs very stable under high load. (2-level page table kernels compile cleanly/boot/work as well) -- mingo