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AJvYcCUC8uDr1oqnnEdIRHfvWPlW/0mkf4nVTrqvEAknerZUImLCnq6+2Zy697v6iLl2FtLUW2jNn7UzVQ==@kvack.org X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YyL4mlHEh4FGll1gMuHFW3qQ5hkf/B2D4pPVRPM+JDpKbOdtlur 0f/FMBdpxTCz4TgLgXsfSbzlecuPmjreWyjb550n5594OGHXcdWkyGX/eUSq/3imYfcJsSnIjnq zcorNCLQ60fimohgiUOrVFHYR7ICHygQ= X-Gm-Gg: ASbGnct10O0+mLHwq51xnM3Lp0ManmKWkMvcVklSpTMs+z2KR+H1GVyP7VH8iuBE+a9 sofw3RV1KD3x7i6Vn+2SvAQBiAo/S5jyKqcAeVhNNNNP1oJlVFQ86uTzfA2fgKcGK3jebALMlEo big8TEIixPSwG2F1dQ56UXImI0uAgSmcXE6AeBmiIVFvlhgUHWwnEDscTjjfLDibW6xE+2JISNY UssMNxw0/v1jh4tccISCPyNtlT9MJ7hk4zA0pqt7cxgnOKyJQ== X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IFKQvu7KK7l/LdyC6yvPgiOYdOAsqsd81zbe9e62XVFhzH2deCxnYNW5eJ9DEvQFVudwuvTGiufcXziCwsP/r0= X-Received: by 2002:a05:6102:161e:b0:533:ff66:698c with SMTP id ada2fe7eead31-5acc4a1ef0fmr489265137.2.1758739195537; Wed, 24 Sep 2025 11:39:55 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <20250918222607.186488-1-xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> <78127855-104f-46e2-e5d2-52c622243b08@gentwo.org> In-Reply-To: <78127855-104f-46e2-e5d2-52c622243b08@gentwo.org> From: Cong Wang Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2025 11:39:44 -0700 X-Gm-Features: AS18NWCWklyrjJnbHl1kScwWNFAGeo0abQkt5rG3TPvdr87PEwYrqpVB-8wXyvA Message-ID: Subject: Re: [RFC Patch 0/7] kernel: Introduce multikernel architecture support To: "Christoph Lameter (Ampere)" Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, pasha.tatashin@soleen.com, Cong Wang , Andrew Morton , Baoquan He , Alexander Graf , Mike Rapoport , Changyuan Lyu , kexec@lists.infradead.org, linux-mm@kvack.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Rspamd-Server: rspam08 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 833D1C000C X-Stat-Signature: fn8mqabj5bat9w4xegye7b596pnezngh X-Rspam-User: X-HE-Tag: 1758739196-620254 X-HE-Meta: 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 vIGsdKds jfDGxSc6+S72JK3i/I5dtozuMdHtr7UMGhgRISd1XhnK4xGooPkG265MfWe2FwtZcOYVKnKMys+Mqs6c5Kw8eBEsrTirxpAt/saA14ecROuhklCv4dIV5qtIiLOFthEJg7elvjtvsxCHN92VJ9M83jsPH6Yd7clZk6042DDLZYJM8LG/80ZIkOmoekdaErAacqXurjabpjK+G//INU0VlftWGWFkYvbG1nxW1rMqNmt2Y67M89BgEZwusCcCYH0TASGoOoX3HkwTZdUUwUwp8N9RamuAsicr+nNR5CD/0vbmoCKQCSxXb/FFuCSd1AZvTrNyD5VHO1nUDTlRF+OqP/xiwg+CZfwpPO24x/Yyya+pqVhwwaD/7EOUjtOu8RX/6MKnWcGeKEwIx4PLLt+w9fTZ3GewQmINPDUzX X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: On Wed, Sep 24, 2025 at 10:51=E2=80=AFAM Christoph Lameter (Ampere) wrote: > AFAICT various contemporary Android deployments do the multiple kernel > approach in one way or another already for security purposes and for > specialized controllers. However, the multi kernel approaches are often > depending on specialized and dedicated hardware. It may be difficult to > support with a generic approach developed here. You are right, the multikernel concept is indeed pretty old, the BarrelFish OS was invented in around 2009. Jailhouse was released 12 years ago. There are tons of papers in this area too. Dual-kernel systems, whether using virtualization or firmware, are indeed common at least for automotives today. This is a solid justification of its usefulness and real-world practice. As you stated, it should not depend on any firmware or specialized hardware, hence I am making this effort here. Let's join the effort, instea= d of inventing things in isolation. This is why I not only open the source co= de but also open the roadmap and invite the whole communication for collaboration. Regards, Cong Wang