From: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com>
To: "Kalyazin, Nikita" <kalyazin@amazon.co.uk>,
"kvm@vger.kernel.org" <kvm@vger.kernel.org>,
"linux-doc@vger.kernel.org" <linux-doc@vger.kernel.org>,
"linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
"linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org"
<linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org>,
"kvmarm@lists.linux.dev" <kvmarm@lists.linux.dev>,
"linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org" <linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org>,
"linux-mm@kvack.org" <linux-mm@kvack.org>,
"bpf@vger.kernel.org" <bpf@vger.kernel.org>,
"linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org"
<linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org>,
"kernel@xen0n.name" <kernel@xen0n.name>,
"linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org"
<linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org>,
"linux-s390@vger.kernel.org" <linux-s390@vger.kernel.org>,
"loongarch@lists.linux.dev" <loongarch@lists.linux.dev>
Cc: "pbonzini@redhat.com" <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
"corbet@lwn.net" <corbet@lwn.net>,
"maz@kernel.org" <maz@kernel.org>,
"oupton@kernel.org" <oupton@kernel.org>,
"joey.gouly@arm.com" <joey.gouly@arm.com>,
"suzuki.poulose@arm.com" <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>,
"yuzenghui@huawei.com" <yuzenghui@huawei.com>,
"catalin.marinas@arm.com" <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
"will@kernel.org" <will@kernel.org>,
"seanjc@google.com" <seanjc@google.com>,
"tglx@linutronix.de" <tglx@linutronix.de>,
"mingo@redhat.com" <mingo@redhat.com>,
"bp@alien8.de" <bp@alien8.de>,
"dave.hansen@linux.intel.com" <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
"x86@kernel.org" <x86@kernel.org>,
"hpa@zytor.com" <hpa@zytor.com>,
"luto@kernel.org" <luto@kernel.org>,
"peterz@infradead.org" <peterz@infradead.org>,
"willy@infradead.org" <willy@infradead.org>,
"akpm@linux-foundation.org" <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
"david@kernel.org" <david@kernel.org>,
"lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com" <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>,
"Liam.Howlett@oracle.com" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>,
"vbabka@suse.cz" <vbabka@suse.cz>,
"rppt@kernel.org" <rppt@kernel.org>,
"surenb@google.com" <surenb@google.com>,
"mhocko@suse.com" <mhocko@suse.com>,
"ast@kernel.org" <ast@kernel.org>,
"daniel@iogearbox.net" <daniel@iogearbox.net>,
"andrii@kernel.org" <andrii@kernel.org>,
"martin.lau@linux.dev" <martin.lau@linux.dev>,
"eddyz87@gmail.com" <eddyz87@gmail.com>,
"song@kernel.org" <song@kernel.org>,
"yonghong.song@linux.dev" <yonghong.song@linux.dev>,
"john.fastabend@gmail.com" <john.fastabend@gmail.com>,
"kpsingh@kernel.org" <kpsingh@kernel.org>,
"sdf@fomichev.me" <sdf@fomichev.me>,
"haoluo@google.com" <haoluo@google.com>,
"jolsa@kernel.org" <jolsa@kernel.org>,
"jgg@ziepe.ca" <jgg@ziepe.ca>,
"jhubbard@nvidia.com" <jhubbard@nvidia.com>,
"peterx@redhat.com" <peterx@redhat.com>,
"jannh@google.com" <jannh@google.com>,
"pfalcato@suse.de" <pfalcato@suse.de>,
"shuah@kernel.org" <shuah@kernel.org>,
"riel@surriel.com" <riel@surriel.com>,
"ryan.roberts@arm.com" <ryan.roberts@arm.com>,
"jgross@suse.com" <jgross@suse.com>,
"yu-cheng.yu@intel.com" <yu-cheng.yu@intel.com>,
"kas@kernel.org" <kas@kernel.org>,
"coxu@redhat.com" <coxu@redhat.com>,
"kevin.brodsky@arm.com" <kevin.brodsky@arm.com>,
"maobibo@loongson.cn" <maobibo@loongson.cn>,
"prsampat@amd.com" <prsampat@amd.com>,
"mlevitsk@redhat.com" <mlevitsk@redhat.com>,
"jmattson@google.com" <jmattson@google.com>,
"jthoughton@google.com" <jthoughton@google.com>,
"agordeev@linux.ibm.com" <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>,
"alex@ghiti.fr" <alex@ghiti.fr>,
"aou@eecs.berkeley.edu" <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
"borntraeger@linux.ibm.com" <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>,
"chenhuacai@kernel.org" <chenhuacai@kernel.org>,
"dev.jain@arm.com" <dev.jain@arm.com>,
"gor@linux.ibm.com" <gor@linux.ibm.com>,
"hca@linux.ibm.com" <hca@linux.ibm.com>,
"Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com" <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>,
"palmer@dabbelt.com" <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
"pjw@kernel.org" <pjw@kernel.org>,
"shijie@os.amperecomputing.com" <shijie@os.amperecomputing.com>,
"svens@linux.ibm.com" <svens@linux.ibm.com>,
"thuth@redhat.com" <thuth@redhat.com>,
"wyihan@google.com" <wyihan@google.com>,
"yang@os.amperecomputing.com" <yang@os.amperecomputing.com>,
"vannapurve@google.com" <vannapurve@google.com>,
"jackmanb@google.com" <jackmanb@google.com>,
"aneesh.kumar@kernel.org" <aneesh.kumar@kernel.org>,
"patrick.roy@linux.dev" <patrick.roy@linux.dev>,
"Thomson, Jack" <jackabt@amazon.co.uk>,
"Itazuri, Takahiro" <itazur@amazon.co.uk>,
"Manwaring, Derek" <derekmn@amazon.com>,
"Cali, Marco" <xmarcalx@amazon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v9 03/13] mm: introduce AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2026 13:42:48 -0800 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <CAEvNRgF-61VROyB0zG4Gyky_+Pks0wJBX0Uv_ysLGZCw3H8LNQ@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260114134510.1835-4-kalyazin@amazon.com>
"Kalyazin, Nikita" <kalyazin@amazon.co.uk> writes:
> From: Patrick Roy <patrick.roy@linux.dev>
>
> Add AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP for mappings where direct map entries of folios are
> set to not present. Currently, mappings that match this description are
> secretmem mappings (memfd_secret()). Later, some guest_memfd
> configurations will also fall into this category.
>
> Reject this new type of mappings in all locations that currently reject
> secretmem mappings, on the assumption that if secretmem mappings are
> rejected somewhere, it is precisely because of an inability to deal with
> folios without direct map entries, and then make memfd_secret() use
> AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP on its address_space to drop its special
> vma_is_secretmem()/secretmem_mapping() checks.
>
> Use a new flag instead of overloading AS_INACCESSIBLE (which is already
> set by guest_memfd) because not all guest_memfd mappings will end up
> being direct map removed (e.g. in pKVM setups, parts of guest_memfd that
> can be mapped to userspace should also be GUP-able, and generally not
> have restrictions on who can access it).
>
> Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Patrick Roy <patrick.roy@linux.dev>
> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
> Signed-off-by: Nikita Kalyazin <kalyazin@amazon.com>
> ---
> include/linux/pagemap.h | 16 ++++++++++++++++
> include/linux/secretmem.h | 18 ------------------
> lib/buildid.c | 4 ++--
> mm/gup.c | 10 +++++-----
> mm/mlock.c | 2 +-
> mm/secretmem.c | 8 ++------
> 6 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/pagemap.h b/include/linux/pagemap.h
> index 31a848485ad9..6ce7301d474a 100644
> --- a/include/linux/pagemap.h
> +++ b/include/linux/pagemap.h
> @@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ enum mapping_flags {
> AS_WRITEBACK_MAY_DEADLOCK_ON_RECLAIM = 9,
> AS_KERNEL_FILE = 10, /* mapping for a fake kernel file that shouldn't
> account usage to user cgroups */
> + AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP = 11, /* Folios in the mapping are not in the direct map */
> /* Bits 16-25 are used for FOLIO_ORDER */
> AS_FOLIO_ORDER_BITS = 5,
> AS_FOLIO_ORDER_MIN = 16,
> @@ -345,6 +346,21 @@ static inline bool mapping_writeback_may_deadlock_on_reclaim(const struct addres
> return test_bit(AS_WRITEBACK_MAY_DEADLOCK_ON_RECLAIM, &mapping->flags);
> }
>
> +static inline void mapping_set_no_direct_map(struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> + set_bit(AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP, &mapping->flags);
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool mapping_no_direct_map(const struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> + return test_bit(AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP, &mapping->flags);
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool vma_has_no_direct_map(const struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> + return vma->vm_file && mapping_no_direct_map(vma->vm_file->f_mapping);
> +}
> +
> static inline gfp_t mapping_gfp_mask(const struct address_space *mapping)
> {
> return mapping->gfp_mask;
> diff --git a/include/linux/secretmem.h b/include/linux/secretmem.h
> index e918f96881f5..0ae1fb057b3d 100644
> --- a/include/linux/secretmem.h
> +++ b/include/linux/secretmem.h
> @@ -4,28 +4,10 @@
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_SECRETMEM
>
> -extern const struct address_space_operations secretmem_aops;
> -
> -static inline bool secretmem_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
> -{
> - return mapping->a_ops == &secretmem_aops;
> -}
> -
> -bool vma_is_secretmem(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
> bool secretmem_active(void);
>
> #else
>
> -static inline bool vma_is_secretmem(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> -{
> - return false;
> -}
> -
> -static inline bool secretmem_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
> -{
> - return false;
> -}
> -
> static inline bool secretmem_active(void)
> {
> return false;
> diff --git a/lib/buildid.c b/lib/buildid.c
> index aaf61dfc0919..b78fe5797e9c 100644
> --- a/lib/buildid.c
> +++ b/lib/buildid.c
> @@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ static int freader_get_folio(struct freader *r, loff_t file_off)
>
> freader_put_folio(r);
>
> - /* reject secretmem folios created with memfd_secret() */
> - if (secretmem_mapping(r->file->f_mapping))
> + /* reject folios without direct map entries (e.g. from memfd_secret() or guest_memfd()) */
> + if (mapping_no_direct_map(r->file->f_mapping))
> return -EFAULT;
>
> r->folio = filemap_get_folio(r->file->f_mapping, file_off >> PAGE_SHIFT);
> diff --git a/mm/gup.c b/mm/gup.c
> index 9cad53acbc99..11461a54b3ae 100644
> --- a/mm/gup.c
> +++ b/mm/gup.c
> @@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
> #include <linux/rmap.h>
> #include <linux/swap.h>
> #include <linux/swapops.h>
> -#include <linux/secretmem.h>
>
> #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> #include <linux/rwsem.h>
> @@ -1216,7 +1215,7 @@ static int check_vma_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long gup_flags)
> if ((gup_flags & FOLL_SPLIT_PMD) && is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
> return -EOPNOTSUPP;
>
> - if (vma_is_secretmem(vma))
> + if (vma_has_no_direct_map(vma))
> return -EFAULT;
>
> if (write) {
> @@ -2724,7 +2723,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages_unlocked);
> * This call assumes the caller has pinned the folio, that the lowest page table
> * level still points to this folio, and that interrupts have been disabled.
> *
> - * GUP-fast must reject all secretmem folios.
> + * GUP-fast must reject all folios without direct map entries (such as secretmem).
> *
> * Writing to pinned file-backed dirty tracked folios is inherently problematic
> * (see comment describing the writable_file_mapping_allowed() function). We
> @@ -2753,7 +2752,7 @@ static bool gup_fast_folio_allowed(struct folio *folio, unsigned int flags)
> if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_slab(folio)))
> return false;
>
> - /* hugetlb neither requires dirty-tracking nor can be secretmem. */
> + /* hugetlb neither requires dirty-tracking nor can be without direct map. */
> if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio))
> return true;
>
> @@ -2791,8 +2790,9 @@ static bool gup_fast_folio_allowed(struct folio *folio, unsigned int flags)
> * At this point, we know the mapping is non-null and points to an
> * address_space object.
> */
> - if (secretmem_mapping(mapping))
> + if (mapping_no_direct_map(mapping))
> return false;
> +
> /* The only remaining allowed file system is shmem. */
> return !reject_file_backed || shmem_mapping(mapping);
> }
> diff --git a/mm/mlock.c b/mm/mlock.c
> index 2f699c3497a5..a6f4b3df4f3f 100644
> --- a/mm/mlock.c
> +++ b/mm/mlock.c
> @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ static int mlock_fixup(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
>
> if (newflags == oldflags || (oldflags & VM_SPECIAL) ||
> is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma) || vma == get_gate_vma(current->mm) ||
> - vma_is_dax(vma) || vma_is_secretmem(vma) || (oldflags & VM_DROPPABLE))
> + vma_is_dax(vma) || vma_has_no_direct_map(vma) || (oldflags & VM_DROPPABLE))
> /* don't set VM_LOCKED or VM_LOCKONFAULT and don't count */
> goto out;
>
> diff --git a/mm/secretmem.c b/mm/secretmem.c
> index edf111e0a1bb..560cdbe1fe5d 100644
> --- a/mm/secretmem.c
> +++ b/mm/secretmem.c
> @@ -134,11 +134,6 @@ static int secretmem_mmap_prepare(struct vm_area_desc *desc)
> return 0;
> }
>
> -bool vma_is_secretmem(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> -{
> - return vma->vm_ops == &secretmem_vm_ops;
> -}
> -
> static const struct file_operations secretmem_fops = {
> .release = secretmem_release,
> .mmap_prepare = secretmem_mmap_prepare,
> @@ -156,7 +151,7 @@ static void secretmem_free_folio(struct folio *folio)
> folio_zero_segment(folio, 0, folio_size(folio));
> }
>
> -const struct address_space_operations secretmem_aops = {
> +static const struct address_space_operations secretmem_aops = {
> .dirty_folio = noop_dirty_folio,
> .free_folio = secretmem_free_folio,
> .migrate_folio = secretmem_migrate_folio,
> @@ -205,6 +200,7 @@ static struct file *secretmem_file_create(unsigned long flags)
>
> mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping, GFP_HIGHUSER);
> mapping_set_unevictable(inode->i_mapping);
> + mapping_set_no_direct_map(inode->i_mapping);
>
> inode->i_op = &secretmem_iops;
> inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &secretmem_aops;
> --
> 2.50.1
Thanks also for the cleanups!
Reviewed-by: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com>
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2026-01-15 21:42 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 62+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2026-01-14 13:45 [PATCH v9 00/13] Direct Map Removal Support for guest_memfd Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-14 13:45 ` [PATCH v9 01/13] set_memory: add folio_{zap,restore}_direct_map helpers Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-15 10:54 ` Huacai Chen
2026-01-15 11:03 ` [PATCH v9 01/13] set_memory: add folio_{zap, restore}_direct_map helpers Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-15 12:12 ` [PATCH v9 01/13] set_memory: add folio_{zap,restore}_direct_map helpers Heiko Carstens
2026-01-15 15:25 ` [PATCH v9 01/13] set_memory: add folio_{zap, restore}_direct_map helpers Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-15 15:55 ` [PATCH v9 01/13] set_memory: add folio_{zap,restore}_direct_map helpers Matthew Wilcox
2026-01-15 17:45 ` [PATCH v9 01/13] set_memory: add folio_{zap, restore}_direct_map helpers Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-15 20:05 ` David Hildenbrand (Red Hat)
2026-01-15 21:07 ` [PATCH v9 01/13] set_memory: add folio_{zap,restore}_direct_map helpers Ackerley Tng
2026-01-14 13:45 ` [PATCH v9 02/13] mm/gup: drop secretmem optimization from gup_fast_folio_allowed Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-15 20:04 ` David Hildenbrand (Red Hat)
2026-01-15 21:40 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-16 14:55 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-22 0:20 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-14 13:45 ` [PATCH v9 03/13] mm: introduce AS_NO_DIRECT_MAP Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-15 21:42 ` Ackerley Tng [this message]
2026-01-14 13:45 ` [PATCH v9 04/13] KVM: guest_memfd: Add stub for kvm_arch_gmem_invalidate Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-15 21:47 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-14 13:46 ` [PATCH v9 05/13] KVM: x86: define kvm_arch_gmem_supports_no_direct_map() Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-15 21:48 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-14 13:46 ` [PATCH v9 06/13] KVM: arm64: " Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-14 13:46 ` [PATCH v9 07/13] KVM: guest_memfd: Add flag to remove from direct map Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-15 20:00 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-16 14:56 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-22 16:34 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-22 18:04 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-22 20:30 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-22 20:40 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-15 23:04 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-16 15:02 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-16 15:35 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-16 15:41 ` Sean Christopherson
2026-01-16 17:32 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-16 17:51 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-16 17:30 ` Vishal Annapurve
2026-01-16 17:51 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-22 16:44 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-22 17:35 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-22 22:47 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-23 0:01 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-28 0:29 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-16 0:00 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-16 15:00 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-16 15:34 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-16 17:28 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-16 17:36 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-16 17:51 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-16 18:10 ` Edgecombe, Rick P
2026-01-16 18:16 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-22 18:37 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-22 18:47 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-26 16:56 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-28 0:21 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-14 13:46 ` [PATCH v9 08/13] KVM: selftests: load elf via bounce buffer Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-14 13:46 ` [PATCH v9 09/13] KVM: selftests: set KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD in vm_mem_add() if guest_memfd != -1 Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-15 19:39 ` Ackerley Tng
2026-01-16 15:00 ` Nikita Kalyazin
2026-01-14 13:47 ` [PATCH v9 10/13] KVM: selftests: Add guest_memfd based vm_mem_backing_src_types Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-14 13:47 ` [PATCH v9 11/13] KVM: selftests: cover GUEST_MEMFD_FLAG_NO_DIRECT_MAP in existing selftests Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-14 13:47 ` [PATCH v9 12/13] KVM: selftests: stuff vm_mem_backing_src_type into vm_shape Kalyazin, Nikita
2026-01-14 13:47 ` [PATCH v9 13/13] KVM: selftests: Test guest execution from direct map removed gmem Kalyazin, Nikita
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=CAEvNRgF-61VROyB0zG4Gyky_+Pks0wJBX0Uv_ysLGZCw3H8LNQ@mail.gmail.com \
--to=ackerleytng@google.com \
--cc=Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com \
--cc=Liam.Howlett@oracle.com \
--cc=agordeev@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=akpm@linux-foundation.org \
--cc=alex@ghiti.fr \
--cc=andrii@kernel.org \
--cc=aneesh.kumar@kernel.org \
--cc=aou@eecs.berkeley.edu \
--cc=ast@kernel.org \
--cc=borntraeger@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=bp@alien8.de \
--cc=bpf@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=catalin.marinas@arm.com \
--cc=chenhuacai@kernel.org \
--cc=corbet@lwn.net \
--cc=coxu@redhat.com \
--cc=daniel@iogearbox.net \
--cc=dave.hansen@linux.intel.com \
--cc=david@kernel.org \
--cc=derekmn@amazon.com \
--cc=dev.jain@arm.com \
--cc=eddyz87@gmail.com \
--cc=gor@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=haoluo@google.com \
--cc=hca@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=hpa@zytor.com \
--cc=itazur@amazon.co.uk \
--cc=jackabt@amazon.co.uk \
--cc=jackmanb@google.com \
--cc=jannh@google.com \
--cc=jgg@ziepe.ca \
--cc=jgross@suse.com \
--cc=jhubbard@nvidia.com \
--cc=jmattson@google.com \
--cc=joey.gouly@arm.com \
--cc=john.fastabend@gmail.com \
--cc=jolsa@kernel.org \
--cc=jthoughton@google.com \
--cc=kalyazin@amazon.co.uk \
--cc=kas@kernel.org \
--cc=kernel@xen0n.name \
--cc=kevin.brodsky@arm.com \
--cc=kpsingh@kernel.org \
--cc=kvm@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=kvmarm@lists.linux.dev \
--cc=linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux-doc@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
--cc=linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org \
--cc=linux-s390@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=loongarch@lists.linux.dev \
--cc=lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com \
--cc=luto@kernel.org \
--cc=maobibo@loongson.cn \
--cc=martin.lau@linux.dev \
--cc=maz@kernel.org \
--cc=mhocko@suse.com \
--cc=mingo@redhat.com \
--cc=mlevitsk@redhat.com \
--cc=oupton@kernel.org \
--cc=palmer@dabbelt.com \
--cc=patrick.roy@linux.dev \
--cc=pbonzini@redhat.com \
--cc=peterx@redhat.com \
--cc=peterz@infradead.org \
--cc=pfalcato@suse.de \
--cc=pjw@kernel.org \
--cc=prsampat@amd.com \
--cc=riel@surriel.com \
--cc=rppt@kernel.org \
--cc=ryan.roberts@arm.com \
--cc=sdf@fomichev.me \
--cc=seanjc@google.com \
--cc=shijie@os.amperecomputing.com \
--cc=shuah@kernel.org \
--cc=song@kernel.org \
--cc=surenb@google.com \
--cc=suzuki.poulose@arm.com \
--cc=svens@linux.ibm.com \
--cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
--cc=thuth@redhat.com \
--cc=vannapurve@google.com \
--cc=vbabka@suse.cz \
--cc=will@kernel.org \
--cc=willy@infradead.org \
--cc=wyihan@google.com \
--cc=x86@kernel.org \
--cc=xmarcalx@amazon.co.uk \
--cc=yang@os.amperecomputing.com \
--cc=yonghong.song@linux.dev \
--cc=yu-cheng.yu@intel.com \
--cc=yuzenghui@huawei.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox