Re: [External] [PATCH RFC/RFT v2 3/4] riscv: Stop emitting preventive sfence.vma for new vmalloc mappings

[yunhui cui <cuiyunhui@bytedance.com>]

Hi Alexandre,

On Thu, Feb 1, 2024 at 12:03 AM Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com> wrote:
>
> In 6.5, we removed the vmalloc fault path because that can't work (see
> [1] [2]). Then in order to make sure that new page table entries were
> seen by the page table walker, we had to preventively emit a sfence.vma
> on all harts [3] but this solution is very costly since it relies on IPI.
>
> And even there, we could end up in a loop of vmalloc faults if a vmalloc
> allocation is done in the IPI path (for example if it is traced, see
> [4]), which could result in a kernel stack overflow.
>
> Those preventive sfence.vma needed to be emitted because:
>
> - if the uarch caches invalid entries, the new mapping may not be
>   observed by the page table walker and an invalidation may be needed.
> - if the uarch does not cache invalid entries, a reordered access
>   could "miss" the new mapping and traps: in that case, we would actually
>   only need to retry the access, no sfence.vma is required.
>
> So this patch removes those preventive sfence.vma and actually handles
> the possible (and unlikely) exceptions. And since the kernel stacks
> mappings lie in the vmalloc area, this handling must be done very early
> when the trap is taken, at the very beginning of handle_exception: this
> also rules out the vmalloc allocations in the fault path.
>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20230531093817.665799-1-bjorn@kernel.org/ [1]
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20230801090927.2018653-1-dylan@andestech.com [2]
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20230725132246.817726-1-alexghiti@rivosinc.com/ [3]
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200508144043.13893-1-joro@8bytes.org/ [4]
> Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
> ---
>  arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h  | 18 +++++-
>  arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h |  5 ++
>  arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c      |  5 ++
>  arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S            | 84 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  arch/riscv/mm/init.c                 |  2 +
>  5 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h
> index a129dac4521d..b0d631701757 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h
> @@ -37,7 +37,23 @@ static inline void flush_dcache_page(struct page *page)
>         flush_icache_mm(vma->vm_mm, 0)
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> -#define flush_cache_vmap(start, end)           flush_tlb_kernel_range(start, end)
> +extern u64 new_vmalloc[NR_CPUS / sizeof(u64) + 1];
> +extern char _end[];
> +#define flush_cache_vmap flush_cache_vmap
> +static inline void flush_cache_vmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
> +{
> +       if (is_vmalloc_or_module_addr((void *)start)) {
> +               int i;
> +
> +               /*
> +                * We don't care if concurrently a cpu resets this value since
> +                * the only place this can happen is in handle_exception() where
> +                * an sfence.vma is emitted.
> +                */
> +               for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(new_vmalloc); ++i)
> +                       new_vmalloc[i] = -1ULL;
> +       }
> +}
>  #define flush_cache_vmap_early(start, end)     local_flush_tlb_kernel_range(start, end)
>  #endif
>
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h
> index 5d473343634b..32631acdcdd4 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/thread_info.h
> @@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ struct thread_info {
>         void                    *scs_base;
>         void                    *scs_sp;
>  #endif
> +       /*
> +        * Used in handle_exception() to save a0, a1 and a2 before knowing if we
> +        * can access the kernel stack.
> +        */
> +       unsigned long           a0, a1, a2;
>  };
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> index a03129f40c46..939ddc0e3c6e 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> @@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ void asm_offsets(void)
>         OFFSET(TASK_THREAD_S9, task_struct, thread.s[9]);
>         OFFSET(TASK_THREAD_S10, task_struct, thread.s[10]);
>         OFFSET(TASK_THREAD_S11, task_struct, thread.s[11]);
> +
> +       OFFSET(TASK_TI_CPU, task_struct, thread_info.cpu);
>         OFFSET(TASK_TI_FLAGS, task_struct, thread_info.flags);
>         OFFSET(TASK_TI_PREEMPT_COUNT, task_struct, thread_info.preempt_count);
>         OFFSET(TASK_TI_KERNEL_SP, task_struct, thread_info.kernel_sp);
> @@ -42,6 +44,9 @@ void asm_offsets(void)
>  #ifdef CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK
>         OFFSET(TASK_TI_SCS_SP, task_struct, thread_info.scs_sp);
>  #endif
> +       OFFSET(TASK_TI_A0, task_struct, thread_info.a0);
> +       OFFSET(TASK_TI_A1, task_struct, thread_info.a1);
> +       OFFSET(TASK_TI_A2, task_struct, thread_info.a2);
>
>         OFFSET(TASK_TI_CPU_NUM, task_struct, thread_info.cpu);
>         OFFSET(TASK_THREAD_F0,  task_struct, thread.fstate.f[0]);
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S b/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S
> index 9d1a305d5508..c1ffaeaba7aa 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S
> +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/entry.S
> @@ -19,6 +19,78 @@
>
>         .section .irqentry.text, "ax"
>
> +.macro new_vmalloc_check
> +       REG_S   a0, TASK_TI_A0(tp)
> +       REG_S   a1, TASK_TI_A1(tp)
> +       REG_S   a2, TASK_TI_A2(tp)
> +
> +       csrr    a0, CSR_CAUSE
> +       /* Exclude IRQs */
> +       blt     a0, zero, _new_vmalloc_restore_context
> +       /* Only check new_vmalloc if we are in page/protection fault */
> +       li      a1, EXC_LOAD_PAGE_FAULT
> +       beq     a0, a1, _new_vmalloc_kernel_address
> +       li      a1, EXC_STORE_PAGE_FAULT
> +       beq     a0, a1, _new_vmalloc_kernel_address
> +       li      a1, EXC_INST_PAGE_FAULT
> +       bne     a0, a1, _new_vmalloc_restore_context
> +
> +_new_vmalloc_kernel_address:
> +       /* Is it a kernel address? */
> +       csrr    a0, CSR_TVAL
> +       bge     a0, zero, _new_vmalloc_restore_context
> +
> +       /* Check if a new vmalloc mapping appeared that could explain the trap */
> +
> +       /*
> +        * Computes:
> +        * a0 = &new_vmalloc[BIT_WORD(cpu)]
> +        * a1 = BIT_MASK(cpu)
> +        */
> +       REG_L   a2, TASK_TI_CPU(tp)
> +       /*
> +        * Compute the new_vmalloc element position:
> +        * (cpu / 64) * 8 = (cpu >> 6) << 3
> +        */
> +       srli    a1, a2, 6
> +       slli    a1, a1, 3
> +       la      a0, new_vmalloc
> +       add     a0, a0, a1
> +       /*
> +        * Compute the bit position in the new_vmalloc element:
> +        * bit_pos = cpu % 64 = cpu - (cpu / 64) * 64 = cpu - (cpu >> 6) << 6
> +        *         = cpu - ((cpu >> 6) << 3) << 3
> +        */
> +       slli    a1, a1, 3
> +       sub     a1, a2, a1
> +       /* Compute the "get mask": 1 << bit_pos */
> +       li      a2, 1
> +       sll     a1, a2, a1
> +
> +       /* Check the value of new_vmalloc for this cpu */
> +       REG_L   a2, 0(a0)
> +       and     a2, a2, a1
> +       beq     a2, zero, _new_vmalloc_restore_context
> +
> +       /* Atomically reset the current cpu bit in new_vmalloc */
> +       amoxor.w        a0, a1, (a0)
> +
> +       /* Only emit a sfence.vma if the uarch caches invalid entries */
> +       ALTERNATIVE("sfence.vma", "nop", 0, RISCV_ISA_EXT_SVVPTC, 1)
> +
> +       REG_L   a0, TASK_TI_A0(tp)
> +       REG_L   a1, TASK_TI_A1(tp)
> +       REG_L   a2, TASK_TI_A2(tp)
> +       csrw    CSR_SCRATCH, x0
> +       sret
> +
> +_new_vmalloc_restore_context:
> +       REG_L   a0, TASK_TI_A0(tp)
> +       REG_L   a1, TASK_TI_A1(tp)
> +       REG_L   a2, TASK_TI_A2(tp)
> +.endm
> +
> +
>  SYM_CODE_START(handle_exception)
>         /*
>          * If coming from userspace, preserve the user thread pointer and load
> @@ -30,6 +102,18 @@ SYM_CODE_START(handle_exception)
>
>  .Lrestore_kernel_tpsp:
>         csrr tp, CSR_SCRATCH
> +
> +       /*
> +        * The RISC-V kernel does not eagerly emit a sfence.vma after each
> +        * new vmalloc mapping, which may result in exceptions:
> +        * - if the uarch caches invalid entries, the new mapping would not be
> +        *   observed by the page table walker and an invalidation is needed.
> +        * - if the uarch does not cache invalid entries, a reordered access
> +        *   could "miss" the new mapping and traps: in that case, we only need
> +        *   to retry the access, no sfence.vma is required.
> +        */
> +       new_vmalloc_check
> +
>         REG_S sp, TASK_TI_KERNEL_SP(tp)
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> index eafc4c2200f2..54c9fdeda11e 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/init.c
> @@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
>
>  #include "../kernel/head.h"
>
> +u64 new_vmalloc[NR_CPUS / sizeof(u64) + 1];
> +
>  struct kernel_mapping kernel_map __ro_after_init;
>  EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_map);
>  #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
> --
> 2.39.2
>
>

Can we consider using new_vmalloc as a percpu variable, so that we
don't need to add a0/1/2 in thread_info? Also, try not to do too much
calculation logic in new_vmalloc_check, after all, handle_exception is
a high-frequency path. In this case, can we consider writing
new_vmalloc_check in C language to increase readability?

Thanks,
Yunhui