Re: [RFC v2 0/9] khugepaged: mTHP support

[Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com>]

On Tue, Feb 18, 2025 at 9:07 AM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote:
>
> On 11/02/2025 00:30, Nico Pache wrote:
> > The following series provides khugepaged and madvise collapse with the
> > capability to collapse regions to mTHPs.
> >
> > To achieve this we generalize the khugepaged functions to no longer depend
> > on PMD_ORDER. Then during the PMD scan, we keep track of chunks of pages
> > (defined by MTHP_MIN_ORDER) that are utilized. This info is tracked
> > using a bitmap. After the PMD scan is done, we do binary recursion on the
> > bitmap to find the optimal mTHP sizes for the PMD range. The restriction
> > on max_ptes_none is removed during the scan, to make sure we account for
> > the whole PMD range. max_ptes_none will be scaled by the attempted collapse
> > order to determine how full a THP must be to be eligible. If a mTHP collapse
> > is attempted, but contains swapped out, or shared pages, we dont perform the
> > collapse.
> >
> > With the default max_ptes_none=511, the code should keep its most of its
> > original behavior. To exercise mTHP collapse we need to set max_ptes_none<=255.
> > With max_ptes_none > HPAGE_PMD_NR/2 you will experience collapse "creep" and
>
> nit: I think you mean "max_ptes_none >= HPAGE_PMD_NR/2" (greater or *equal*)?
> This is making my head hurt, but I *think* I agree with you that if
> max_ptes_none is less than half of the number of ptes in a pmd, then creep
> doesn't happen.
Haha yea the compressed bitmap does not make the math super easy to
follow, but i'm glad we arrived at the same conclusion :)
>
> To make sure I've understood;
>
>  - to collapse to 16K, you would need >=3 out of 4 PTEs to be present
>  - to collapse to 32K, you would need >=5 out of 8 PTEs to be present
>  - to collapse to 64K, you would need >=9 out of 16 PTEs to be present
>  - ...
>
> So if we start with 3 present PTEs in a 16K area, we collapse to 16K and now
> have 4 PTEs in a 32K area which is insufficient to collapse to 32K.
>
> Sounds good to me!
Great! Another easy way to think about it is, with max_ptes_none =
HPAGE_PMD_NR/2, a collapse will double the size, and we only need half
for it to collapse again. Each size is 2x the last, so if we hit one
collapse, it will be eligible again next round.
>
> > constantly promote mTHPs to the next available size.
> >
> > Patch 1:     Some refactoring to combine madvise_collapse and khugepaged
> > Patch 2:     Refactor/rename hpage_collapse
> > Patch 3-5:   Generalize khugepaged functions for arbitrary orders
> > Patch 6-9:   The mTHP patches
> >
> > ---------
> >  Testing
> > ---------
> > - Built for x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, and s390x
> > - selftests mm
> > - I created a test script that I used to push khugepaged to its limits while
> >    monitoring a number of stats and tracepoints. The code is available
> >    here[1] (Run in legacy mode for these changes and set mthp sizes to inherit)
> >    The summary from my testings was that there was no significant regression
> >    noticed through this test. In some cases my changes had better collapse
> >    latencies, and was able to scan more pages in the same amount of time/work,
> >    but for the most part the results were consistant.
> > - redis testing. I tested these changes along with my defer changes
> >   (see followup post for more details).
> > - some basic testing on 64k page size.
> > - lots of general use. These changes have been running in my VM for some time.
> >
> > Changes since V1 [2]:
> > - Minor bug fixes discovered during review and testing
> > - removed dynamic allocations for bitmaps, and made them stack based
> > - Adjusted bitmap offset from u8 to u16 to support 64k pagesize.
> > - Updated trace events to include collapsing order info.
> > - Scaled max_ptes_none by order rather than scaling to a 0-100 scale.
> > - No longer require a chunk to be fully utilized before setting the bit. Use
> >    the same max_ptes_none scaling principle to achieve this.
> > - Skip mTHP collapse that requires swapin or shared handling. This helps prevent
> >    some of the "creep" that was discovered in v1.
> >
> > [1] - https://gitlab.com/npache/khugepaged_mthp_test
> > [2] - https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250108233128.14484-1-npache@redhat.com/
> >
> > Nico Pache (9):
> >   introduce khugepaged_collapse_single_pmd to unify khugepaged and
> >     madvise_collapse
> >   khugepaged: rename hpage_collapse_* to khugepaged_*
> >   khugepaged: generalize hugepage_vma_revalidate for mTHP support
> >   khugepaged: generalize alloc_charge_folio for mTHP support
> >   khugepaged: generalize __collapse_huge_page_* for mTHP support
> >   khugepaged: introduce khugepaged_scan_bitmap for mTHP support
> >   khugepaged: add mTHP support
> >   khugepaged: improve tracepoints for mTHP orders
> >   khugepaged: skip collapsing mTHP to smaller orders
> >
> >  include/linux/khugepaged.h         |   4 +
> >  include/trace/events/huge_memory.h |  34 ++-
> >  mm/khugepaged.c                    | 422 +++++++++++++++++++----------
> >  3 files changed, 306 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)
> >
>