Re: [PATCH v7] mm: Add CONFIG_PAGE_BLOCK_ORDER to select page block order

[Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>]

On 5/21/25 23:57, Juan Yescas wrote:
> Problem: On large page size configurations (16KiB, 64KiB), the CMA
> alignment requirement (CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES) increases considerably,
> and this causes the CMA reservations to be larger than necessary.
> This means that system will have less available MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE and
> MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE page blocks since MIGRATE_CMA can't fallback to them.
> 
> The CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES increases because it depends on
> MAX_PAGE_ORDER which depends on ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER. The value of
> ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER increases on 16k and 64k kernels.
> 
> For example, in ARM, the CMA alignment requirement when:
> 
> - CONFIG_ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER default value is used
> - CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE is set:
> 
> PAGE_SIZE | MAX_PAGE_ORDER | pageblock_order | CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>    4KiB   |      10        |       9         |  4KiB * (2 ^  9) =   2MiB
>   16Kib   |      11        |      11         | 16KiB * (2 ^ 11) =  32MiB
>   64KiB   |      13        |      13         | 64KiB * (2 ^ 13) = 512MiB
> 
> There are some extreme cases for the CMA alignment requirement when:
> 
> - CONFIG_ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER maximum value is set
> - CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE is NOT set:
> - CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE is NOT set
> 
> PAGE_SIZE | MAX_PAGE_ORDER | pageblock_order |  CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>    4KiB   |      15        |      15         |  4KiB * (2 ^ 15) = 128MiB
>   16Kib   |      13        |      13         | 16KiB * (2 ^ 13) = 128MiB
>   64KiB   |      13        |      13         | 64KiB * (2 ^ 13) = 512MiB
> 
> This affects the CMA reservations for the drivers. If a driver in a
> 4KiB kernel needs 4MiB of CMA memory, in a 16KiB kernel, the minimal
> reservation has to be 32MiB due to the alignment requirements:
> 
> reserved-memory {
>     ...
>     cma_test_reserve: cma_test_reserve {
>         compatible = "shared-dma-pool";
>         size = <0x0 0x400000>; /* 4 MiB */
>         ...
>     };
> };
> 
> reserved-memory {
>     ...
>     cma_test_reserve: cma_test_reserve {
>         compatible = "shared-dma-pool";
>         size = <0x0 0x2000000>; /* 32 MiB */
>         ...
>     };
> };
> 
> Solution: Add a new config CONFIG_PAGE_BLOCK_ORDER that
> allows to set the page block order in all the architectures.
> The maximum page block order will be given by
> ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER.
> 
> By default, CONFIG_PAGE_BLOCK_ORDER will have the same
> value that ARCH_FORCE_MAX_ORDER. This will make sure that
> current kernel configurations won't be affected by this
> change. It is a opt-in change.
> 
> This patch will allow to have the same CMA alignment
> requirements for large page sizes (16KiB, 64KiB) as that
> in 4kb kernels by setting a lower pageblock_order.
> 
> Tests:
> 
> - Verified that HugeTLB pages work when pageblock_order is 1, 7, 10
> on 4k and 16k kernels.
> 
> - Verified that Transparent Huge Pages work when pageblock_order
> is 1, 7, 10 on 4k and 16k kernels.
> 
> - Verified that dma-buf heaps allocations work when pageblock_order
> is 1, 7, 10 on 4k and 16k kernels.
> 
> Benchmarks:
> 
> The benchmarks compare 16kb kernels with pageblock_order 10 and 7. The
> reason for the pageblock_order 7 is because this value makes the min
> CMA alignment requirement the same as that in 4kb kernels (2MB).
> 
> - Perform 100K dma-buf heaps (/dev/dma_heap/system) allocations of
> SZ_8M, SZ_4M, SZ_2M, SZ_1M, SZ_64, SZ_8, SZ_4. Use simpleperf
> (https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/simpleperf) to measure
> the # of instructions and page-faults on 16k kernels.
> The benchmark was executed 10 times. The averages are below:
> 
>            # instructions         |     #page-faults
>     order 10     |  order 7       | order 10 | order 7
> --------------------------------------------------------
>  13,891,765,770	 | 11,425,777,314 |    220   |   217
>  14,456,293,487	 | 12,660,819,302 |    224   |   219
>  13,924,261,018	 | 13,243,970,736 |    217   |   221
>  13,910,886,504	 | 13,845,519,630 |    217   |   221
>  14,388,071,190	 | 13,498,583,098 |    223   |   224
>  13,656,442,167	 | 12,915,831,681 |    216   |   218
>  13,300,268,343	 | 12,930,484,776 |    222   |   218
>  13,625,470,223	 | 14,234,092,777 |    219   |   218
>  13,508,964,965	 | 13,432,689,094 |    225   |   219
>  13,368,950,667	 | 13,683,587,37  |    219   |   225
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>  13,803,137,433  | 13,131,974,268 |    220   |   220    Averages
> 
> There were 4.85% #instructions when order was 7, in comparison
> with order 10.
> 
>      13,803,137,433 - 13,131,974,268 = -671,163,166 (-4.86%)
> 
> The number of page faults in order 7 and 10 were the same.
> 
> These results didn't show any significant regression when the
> pageblock_order is set to 7 on 16kb kernels.
> 
> - Run speedometer 3.1 (https://browserbench.org/Speedometer3.1/) 5 times
>  on the 16k kernels with pageblock_order 7 and 10.
> 
> order 10 | order 7  | order 7 - order 10 | (order 7 - order 10) %
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>   15.8	 |  16.4    |         0.6        |     3.80%
>   16.4	 |  16.2    |        -0.2        |    -1.22%
>   16.6	 |  16.3    |        -0.3        |    -1.81%
>   16.8	 |  16.3    |        -0.5        |    -2.98%
>   16.6	 |  16.8    |         0.2        |     1.20%
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>   16.44     16.4            -0.04	          -0.24%   Averages
> 
> The results didn't show any significant regression when the
> pageblock_order is set to 7 on 16kb kernels.
> 
> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> CC: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Juan Yescas <jyescas@google.com>
> Acked-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>

Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>