[PATCH v2 1/1] mm/rmap: fix soft-dirty and uffd-wp bit loss when remapping zero-filled mTHP subpage to shared zeropage

[PATCH v2 1/1] mm/rmap: fix soft-dirty and uffd-wp bit loss when remapping zero-filled mTHP subpage to shared zeropage

[Lance Yang]

From: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>

When splitting an mTHP and replacing a zero-filled subpage with the shared
zeropage, try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage() currently drops several important
PTE bits.

For userspace tools like CRIU, which rely on the soft-dirty mechanism for
incremental snapshots, losing the soft-dirty bit means modified pages are
missed, leading to inconsistent memory state after restore.

As pointed out by David, the more critical uffd-wp bit is also dropped.
This breaks the userfaultfd write-protection mechanism, causing writes
to be silently missed by monitoring applications, which can lead to data
corruption.

Preserve both the soft-dirty and uffd-wp bits from the old PTE when
creating the new zeropage mapping to ensure they are correctly tracked.

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: b1f202060afe ("mm: remap unused subpages to shared zeropage when splitting isolated thp")
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
---
v1 -> v2:
 - Avoid calling ptep_get() multiple times (per Dev)
 - Double-check the uffd-wp bit (per David)
 - Collect Acked-by from David - thanks!
 - https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20250928044855.76359-1-lance.yang@linux.dev/

 mm/migrate.c | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index ce83c2c3c287..50aa91d9ab4e 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -300,13 +300,14 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
 					  unsigned long idx)
 {
 	struct page *page = folio_page(folio, idx);
+	pte_t oldpte = ptep_get(pvmw->pte);
 	pte_t newpte;
 
 	if (PageCompound(page))
 		return false;
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageAnon(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
-	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(ptep_get(pvmw->pte)), page);
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(oldpte), page);
 
 	if (folio_test_mlocked(folio) || (pvmw->vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
 	    mm_forbids_zeropage(pvmw->vma->vm_mm))
@@ -322,6 +323,12 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
 
 	newpte = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(pvmw->address),
 					pvmw->vma->vm_page_prot));
+
+	if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
+		newpte = pte_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
+	if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
+		newpte = pte_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
+
 	set_pte_at(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, pvmw->address, pvmw->pte, newpte);
 
 	dec_mm_counter(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, mm_counter(folio));
-- 
2.49.0

Re: [PATCH v2 1/1] mm/rmap: fix soft-dirty and uffd-wp bit loss when remapping zero-filled mTHP subpage to shared zeropage

[Dev Jain]

On 30/09/25 10:03 am, Lance Yang wrote:
> From: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
>
> When splitting an mTHP and replacing a zero-filled subpage with the shared
> zeropage, try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage() currently drops several important
> PTE bits.
>
> For userspace tools like CRIU, which rely on the soft-dirty mechanism for
> incremental snapshots, losing the soft-dirty bit means modified pages are
> missed, leading to inconsistent memory state after restore.
>
> As pointed out by David, the more critical uffd-wp bit is also dropped.
> This breaks the userfaultfd write-protection mechanism, causing writes
> to be silently missed by monitoring applications, which can lead to data
> corruption.
>
> Preserve both the soft-dirty and uffd-wp bits from the old PTE when
> creating the new zeropage mapping to ensure they are correctly tracked.
>
> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
> Fixes: b1f202060afe ("mm: remap unused subpages to shared zeropage when splitting isolated thp")
> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> Suggested-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> Signed-off-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
> ---
> v1 -> v2:
>   - Avoid calling ptep_get() multiple times (per Dev)
>   - Double-check the uffd-wp bit (per David)
>   - Collect Acked-by from David - thanks!
>   - https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20250928044855.76359-1-lance.yang@linux.dev/
>
>   mm/migrate.c | 9 ++++++++-
>   1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
> index ce83c2c3c287..50aa91d9ab4e 100644
> --- a/mm/migrate.c
> +++ b/mm/migrate.c
> @@ -300,13 +300,14 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
>   					  unsigned long idx)
>   {
>   	struct page *page = folio_page(folio, idx);
> +	pte_t oldpte = ptep_get(pvmw->pte);

What I meant to say was, you can pass oldpte from remove_migration_pte to this
function. Basically define old_pte = ptep_get(pvmw.pte) in the declarations of
the start of the while block in remove_migration_pte and remove the existing
one. That will ensure ptep_get() gets called only once per iteration.

>   	pte_t newpte;
>   
>   	if (PageCompound(page))
>   		return false;
>   	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageAnon(page), page);
>   	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
> -	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(ptep_get(pvmw->pte)), page);
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(oldpte), page);
>   
>   	if (folio_test_mlocked(folio) || (pvmw->vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
>   	    mm_forbids_zeropage(pvmw->vma->vm_mm))
> @@ -322,6 +323,12 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
>   
>   	newpte = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(pvmw->address),
>   					pvmw->vma->vm_page_prot));
> +
> +	if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
> +		newpte = pte_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
> +	if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
> +		newpte = pte_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
> +
>   	set_pte_at(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, pvmw->address, pvmw->pte, newpte);
>   
>   	dec_mm_counter(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, mm_counter(folio));

Re: [PATCH v2 1/1] mm/rmap: fix soft-dirty and uffd-wp bit loss when remapping zero-filled mTHP subpage to shared zeropage

[Lance Yang]

On 2025/9/30 12:50, Dev Jain wrote:
> 
> On 30/09/25 10:03 am, Lance Yang wrote:
>> From: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
>>
>> When splitting an mTHP and replacing a zero-filled subpage with the 
>> shared
>> zeropage, try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage() currently drops several 
>> important
>> PTE bits.
>>
>> For userspace tools like CRIU, which rely on the soft-dirty mechanism for
>> incremental snapshots, losing the soft-dirty bit means modified pages are
>> missed, leading to inconsistent memory state after restore.
>>
>> As pointed out by David, the more critical uffd-wp bit is also dropped.
>> This breaks the userfaultfd write-protection mechanism, causing writes
>> to be silently missed by monitoring applications, which can lead to data
>> corruption.
>>
>> Preserve both the soft-dirty and uffd-wp bits from the old PTE when
>> creating the new zeropage mapping to ensure they are correctly tracked.
>>
>> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
>> Fixes: b1f202060afe ("mm: remap unused subpages to shared zeropage 
>> when splitting isolated thp")
>> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>> Suggested-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
>> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
>> ---
>> v1 -> v2:
>>   - Avoid calling ptep_get() multiple times (per Dev)
>>   - Double-check the uffd-wp bit (per David)
>>   - Collect Acked-by from David - thanks!
>>   - https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20250928044855.76359-1- 
>> lance.yang@linux.dev/
>>
>>   mm/migrate.c | 9 ++++++++-
>>   1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
>> index ce83c2c3c287..50aa91d9ab4e 100644
>> --- a/mm/migrate.c
>> +++ b/mm/migrate.c
>> @@ -300,13 +300,14 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct 
>> page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
>>                         unsigned long idx)
>>   {
>>       struct page *page = folio_page(folio, idx);
>> +    pte_t oldpte = ptep_get(pvmw->pte);
> 
> What I meant to say was, you can pass oldpte from remove_migration_pte 
> to this
> function. Basically define old_pte = ptep_get(pvmw.pte) in the 
> declarations of
> the start of the while block in remove_migration_pte and remove the 
> existing
> one. That will ensure ptep_get() gets called only once per iteration.

Ah, got it. Thanks for the clarification!

IIUC, you mean something like this:

```
diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index ce83c2c3c287..bafd8cb3bebe 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ bool isolate_folio_to_list(struct folio *folio, 
struct list_head *list)

  static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct page_vma_mapped_walk 
*pvmw,
  					  struct folio *folio,
+					  pte_t old_pte,
  					  unsigned long idx)
  {
  	struct page *page = folio_page(folio, idx);
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct 
page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
  		return false;
  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageAnon(page), page);
  	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
-	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(ptep_get(pvmw->pte)), page);
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(old_pte), page);

  	if (folio_test_mlocked(folio) || (pvmw->vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) ||
  	    mm_forbids_zeropage(pvmw->vma->vm_mm))
@@ -322,6 +323,12 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct 
page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,

  	newpte = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(pvmw->address),
  					pvmw->vma->vm_page_prot));
+
+	if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(old_pte))
+		newpte = pte_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
+	if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(old_pte))
+		newpte = pte_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
+
  	set_pte_at(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, pvmw->address, pvmw->pte, newpte);

  	dec_mm_counter(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, mm_counter(folio));
@@ -344,7 +351,7 @@ static bool remove_migration_pte(struct folio *folio,

  	while (page_vma_mapped_walk(&pvmw)) {
  		rmap_t rmap_flags = RMAP_NONE;
-		pte_t old_pte;
+		pte_t old_pte = ptep_get(pvmw.pte);
  		pte_t pte;
  		swp_entry_t entry;
  		struct page *new;
@@ -365,12 +372,11 @@ static bool remove_migration_pte(struct folio *folio,
  		}
  #endif
  		if (rmap_walk_arg->map_unused_to_zeropage &&
-		    try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(&pvmw, folio, idx))
+		    try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(&pvmw, folio, old_pte, idx))
  			continue;

  		folio_get(folio);
  		pte = mk_pte(new, READ_ONCE(vma->vm_page_prot));
-		old_pte = ptep_get(pvmw.pte);

  		entry = pte_to_swp_entry(old_pte);
  		if (!is_migration_entry_young(entry))
```

ptep_get() gets called only once per iteration, right?

> 
>>       pte_t newpte;
>>       if (PageCompound(page))
>>           return false;
>>       VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageAnon(page), page);
>>       VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
>> -    VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(ptep_get(pvmw->pte)), page);
>> +    VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(oldpte), page);
>>       if (folio_test_mlocked(folio) || (pvmw->vma->vm_flags & 
>> VM_LOCKED) ||
>>           mm_forbids_zeropage(pvmw->vma->vm_mm))
>> @@ -322,6 +323,12 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct 
>> page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
>>       newpte = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(pvmw->address),
>>                       pvmw->vma->vm_page_prot));
>> +
>> +    if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
>> +        newpte = pte_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
>> +    if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
>> +        newpte = pte_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
>> +
>>       set_pte_at(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, pvmw->address, pvmw->pte, newpte);
>>       dec_mm_counter(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, mm_counter(folio));

Re: [PATCH v2 1/1] mm/rmap: fix soft-dirty and uffd-wp bit loss when remapping zero-filled mTHP subpage to shared zeropage

[Dev Jain]

On 30/09/25 10:52 am, Lance Yang wrote:
>
>
> On 2025/9/30 12:50, Dev Jain wrote:
>>
>> On 30/09/25 10:03 am, Lance Yang wrote:
>>> From: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
>>>
>>> When splitting an mTHP and replacing a zero-filled subpage with the 
>>> shared
>>> zeropage, try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage() currently drops several 
>>> important
>>> PTE bits.
>>>
>>> For userspace tools like CRIU, which rely on the soft-dirty 
>>> mechanism for
>>> incremental snapshots, losing the soft-dirty bit means modified 
>>> pages are
>>> missed, leading to inconsistent memory state after restore.
>>>
>>> As pointed out by David, the more critical uffd-wp bit is also dropped.
>>> This breaks the userfaultfd write-protection mechanism, causing writes
>>> to be silently missed by monitoring applications, which can lead to 
>>> data
>>> corruption.
>>>
>>> Preserve both the soft-dirty and uffd-wp bits from the old PTE when
>>> creating the new zeropage mapping to ensure they are correctly tracked.
>>>
>>> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
>>> Fixes: b1f202060afe ("mm: remap unused subpages to shared zeropage 
>>> when splitting isolated thp")
>>> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>>> Suggested-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
>>> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>>> Signed-off-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev>
>>> ---
>>> v1 -> v2:
>>>   - Avoid calling ptep_get() multiple times (per Dev)
>>>   - Double-check the uffd-wp bit (per David)
>>>   - Collect Acked-by from David - thanks!
>>>   - https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20250928044855.76359-1- 
>>> lance.yang@linux.dev/
>>>
>>>   mm/migrate.c | 9 ++++++++-
>>>   1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
>>> index ce83c2c3c287..50aa91d9ab4e 100644
>>> --- a/mm/migrate.c
>>> +++ b/mm/migrate.c
>>> @@ -300,13 +300,14 @@ static bool 
>>> try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
>>>                         unsigned long idx)
>>>   {
>>>       struct page *page = folio_page(folio, idx);
>>> +    pte_t oldpte = ptep_get(pvmw->pte);
>>
>> What I meant to say was, you can pass oldpte from 
>> remove_migration_pte to this
>> function. Basically define old_pte = ptep_get(pvmw.pte) in the 
>> declarations of
>> the start of the while block in remove_migration_pte and remove the 
>> existing
>> one. That will ensure ptep_get() gets called only once per iteration.
>
> Ah, got it. Thanks for the clarification!
>
> IIUC, you mean something like this:
>
> ```
> diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
> index ce83c2c3c287..bafd8cb3bebe 100644
> --- a/mm/migrate.c
> +++ b/mm/migrate.c
> @@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ bool isolate_folio_to_list(struct folio *folio, 
> struct list_head *list)
>
>  static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct page_vma_mapped_walk 
> *pvmw,
>                        struct folio *folio,
> +                      pte_t old_pte,
>                        unsigned long idx)
>  {
>      struct page *page = folio_page(folio, idx);
> @@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct 
> page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
>          return false;
>      VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageAnon(page), page);
>      VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
> -    VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(ptep_get(pvmw->pte)), page);
> +    VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pte_present(old_pte), page);
>
>      if (folio_test_mlocked(folio) || (pvmw->vma->vm_flags & 
> VM_LOCKED) ||
>          mm_forbids_zeropage(pvmw->vma->vm_mm))
> @@ -322,6 +323,12 @@ static bool try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(struct 
> page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
>
>      newpte = pte_mkspecial(pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(pvmw->address),
>                      pvmw->vma->vm_page_prot));
> +
> +    if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(old_pte))
> +        newpte = pte_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
> +    if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(old_pte))
> +        newpte = pte_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
> +
>      set_pte_at(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, pvmw->address, pvmw->pte, newpte);
>
>      dec_mm_counter(pvmw->vma->vm_mm, mm_counter(folio));
> @@ -344,7 +351,7 @@ static bool remove_migration_pte(struct folio *folio,
>
>      while (page_vma_mapped_walk(&pvmw)) {
>          rmap_t rmap_flags = RMAP_NONE;
> -        pte_t old_pte;
> +        pte_t old_pte = ptep_get(pvmw.pte);
>          pte_t pte;
>          swp_entry_t entry;
>          struct page *new;
> @@ -365,12 +372,11 @@ static bool remove_migration_pte(struct folio 
> *folio,
>          }
>  #endif
>          if (rmap_walk_arg->map_unused_to_zeropage &&
> -            try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(&pvmw, folio, idx))
> +            try_to_map_unused_to_zeropage(&pvmw, folio, old_pte, idx))
>              continue;
>
>          folio_get(folio);
>          pte = mk_pte(new, READ_ONCE(vma->vm_page_prot));
> -        old_pte = ptep_get(pvmw.pte);
>
>          entry = pte_to_swp_entry(old_pte);
>          if (!is_migration_entry_young(entry))
> ```
>
> ptep_get() gets called only once per iteration, right?

Yup.