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Howlett" , Vlastimil Babka , Mike Rapoport , Suren Baghdasaryan , Michal Hocko , linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v2 1/5] mm: Introduce zone_appears_fragmented() Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2026 22:56:52 -0700 Message-Id: <20260423055656.1696379-2-matthew.brost@intel.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.34.1 In-Reply-To: <20260423055656.1696379-1-matthew.brost@intel.com> References: <20260423055656.1696379-1-matthew.brost@intel.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Stat-Signature: foohat449azkszsmt5ukqz9sdp7f11dx X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Server: rspam02 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 57634180005 X-HE-Tag: 1776923828-243882 X-HE-Meta: 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 gIWYiqrk 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 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: Introduce zone_appears_fragmented() as a lightweight helper to allow subsystems to make coarse decisions about reclaim behavior in the presence of likely fragmentation. The helper implements a simple heuristic: if the number of free pages in a zone exceeds twice the high watermark, the zone is considered to have ample free memory and allocation failures are more likely due to fragmentation than overall memory pressure. This is intentionally imprecise and is not meant to replace the core MM compaction or fragmentation accounting logic. Instead, it provides a cheap signal for callers (e.g., shrinkers) that wish to avoid overly aggressive reclaim when sufficient free memory exists but high-order allocations may still fail. No functional changes; this is a preparatory helper for future users. Cc: Thomas Hellström Cc: Andrew Morton Cc: David Hildenbrand Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" Cc: Vlastimil Babka Cc: Mike Rapoport Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan Cc: Michal Hocko Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Brost --- include/linux/vmstat.h | 13 +++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+) diff --git a/include/linux/vmstat.h b/include/linux/vmstat.h index 3c9c266cf782..568d9f4f1a1f 100644 --- a/include/linux/vmstat.h +++ b/include/linux/vmstat.h @@ -483,6 +483,19 @@ static inline const char *zone_stat_name(enum zone_stat_item item) return vmstat_text[item]; } +static inline bool zone_appears_fragmented(struct zone *zone) +{ + /* + * Simple heuristic: if the number of free pages is more than twice the + * high watermark, this strongly suggests that the zone is heavily + * fragmented when called from a shrinker. + */ + if (zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES) > high_wmark_pages(zone) * 2) + return true; + + return false; +} + #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA static inline const char *numa_stat_name(enum numa_stat_item item) { -- 2.34.1