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From: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@arm.com>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
	David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org>,
	Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>,
	"Liam R . Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>,
	Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>,
	Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>,
	Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>,
	Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
	Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com>,
	Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>, Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>,
	Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>,
	Nick Terrell <terrelln@fb.com>, David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>,
	Vishal Moola <vishal.moola@gmail.com>,
	linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
	bpf@vger.kernel.org, Ryan.Roberts@arm.com,
	david.hildenbrand@arm.com
Cc: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@arm.com>
Subject: [PATCH v6 3/3] mm/page_alloc: Optimize __free_contig_frozen_range()
Date: Wed,  1 Apr 2026 11:16:21 +0100	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20260401101634.2868165-4-usama.anjum@arm.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20260401101634.2868165-1-usama.anjum@arm.com>

Apply the same batch-freeing optimization from free_contig_range() to the
frozen page path. The previous __free_contig_frozen_range() freed each
order-0 page individually via free_frozen_pages(), which is slow for the
same reason the old free_contig_range() was: each page goes to the
order-0 pcp list rather than being coalesced into higher-order blocks.

Rewrite __free_contig_frozen_range() to call free_pages_prepare() for
each order-0 page, then batch the prepared pages into the largest
possible power-of-2 aligned chunks via free_prepared_contig_range().
If free_pages_prepare() fails (e.g. HWPoison, bad page) the page is
deliberately not freed; it should not be returned to the allocator.

I've tested CMA through debugfs. The test allocates 16384 pages per
allocation for several iterations. There is 3.5x improvement.

Before: 1406 usec per iteration
After:   402 usec per iteration

Before:

    70.89%     0.69%  cma              [kernel.kallsyms]      [.] free_contig_frozen_range
            |
            |--70.20%--free_contig_frozen_range
            |          |
            |          |--46.41%--__free_frozen_pages
            |          |          |
            |          |           --36.18%--free_frozen_page_commit
            |          |                     |
            |          |                      --29.63%--_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore
            |          |
            |          |--8.76%--_raw_spin_trylock
            |          |
            |          |--7.03%--__preempt_count_dec_and_test
            |          |
            |          |--4.57%--_raw_spin_unlock
            |          |
            |          |--1.96%--__get_pfnblock_flags_mask.isra.0
            |          |
            |           --1.15%--free_frozen_page_commit
            |
             --0.69%--el0t_64_sync

After:

    23.57%     0.00%  cma              [kernel.kallsyms]      [.] free_contig_frozen_range
            |
            ---free_contig_frozen_range
               |
               |--20.45%--__free_contig_frozen_range
               |          |
               |          |--17.77%--free_pages_prepare
               |          |
               |           --0.72%--free_prepared_contig_range
               |                     |
               |                      --0.55%--__free_frozen_pages
               |
                --3.12%--free_pages_prepare

Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Suggested-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@arm.com>
---
Changes since v4:
- Use /* */ style comment with boolean variable

Changes since v3:
- Use newly introduced __free_contig_range_common() as the pattern was
  very similar to __free_contig_range()

Changes since v2:
- Rework the loop to check for memory sections just like __free_contig_range()
- Didn't add reviewed-by tags because of rework
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 6568af69b5cdb..dec72cedcf674 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -7054,8 +7054,7 @@ static int __alloc_contig_verify_gfp_mask(gfp_t gfp_mask, gfp_t *gfp_cc_mask)
 
 static void __free_contig_frozen_range(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
 {
-	for (; nr_pages--; pfn++)
-		free_frozen_pages(pfn_to_page(pfn), 0);
+	__free_contig_range_common(pfn, nr_pages, /* is_frozen= */ true);
 }
 
 /**
-- 
2.47.3



      parent reply	other threads:[~2026-04-01 10:16 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 6+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2026-04-01 10:16 [PATCH v6 0/3] mm: Free contiguous order-0 pages efficiently Muhammad Usama Anjum
2026-04-01 10:16 ` [PATCH v6 1/3] mm/page_alloc: Optimize free_contig_range() Muhammad Usama Anjum
2026-04-01 10:16 ` [PATCH v6 2/3] vmalloc: Optimize vfree with free_pages_bulk() Muhammad Usama Anjum
2026-04-01 10:19   ` David Hildenbrand (Arm)
2026-04-01 15:13   ` Uladzislau Rezki
2026-04-01 10:16 ` Muhammad Usama Anjum [this message]

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