Re: [PATCH] mm/alloc_tag: clear codetag for pages allocated before page_ext initialization

Hao Ge
2026-03-24T09:44:01Z

On 2026/3/24 06:47, Suren Baghdasaryan wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 23, 2026 at 2:16 AM Hao Ge <hao.ge@linux.dev> wrote:
>>
>> On 2026/3/20 10:14, Suren Baghdasaryan wrote:
>>> On Thu, Mar 19, 2026 at 6:58 PM Hao Ge <hao.ge@linux.dev> wrote:
>>>> On 2026/3/20 07:48, Suren Baghdasaryan wrote:
>>>>> On Thu, Mar 19, 2026 at 4:44 PM Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> wrote:
>>>>>> On Thu, Mar 19, 2026 at 3:28 PM Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> wrote:
>>>>>>> On Thu, 19 Mar 2026 16:31:53 +0800 Hao Ge <hao.ge@linux.dev> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Due to initialization ordering, page_ext is allocated and initialized
>>>>>>>> relatively late during boot. Some pages have already been allocated
>>>>>>>> and freed before page_ext becomes available, leaving their codetag
>>>>>>>> uninitialized.
>>>>>> Hi Hao,
>>>>>> Thanks for the report.
>>>>>> Hmm. So, we are allocating pages before page_ext is initialized...
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A clear example is in init_section_page_ext(): alloc_page_ext() calls
>>>>>>>> kmemleak_alloc().
>>>>> Forgot to ask. The example you are using here is for page_ext
>>>>> allocation itself. Do you have any other examples where page
>>>>> allocation happens before page_ext initialization? If that's the only
>>>>> place, then we might be able to fix this in a simpler way by doing
>>>>> something special for alloc_page_ext().
>>>> Hi Suren
>>>>
>>>> To help illustrate the point, here's the debug log I added:
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
>>>> index 2d4b6f1a554e..ebfe636f5b07 100644
>>>> --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
>>>> +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
>>>> @@ -1293,6 +1293,9 @@ void __pgalloc_tag_add(struct page *page, struct
>>>> task_struct *task,
>>>> alloc_tag_add(&ref, task->alloc_tag, PAGE_SIZE * nr);
>>>> update_page_tag_ref(handle, &ref);
>>>> put_page_tag_ref(handle);
>>>> + } else {
>>>> + pr_warn("__pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
>>>> page=%p pfn=%lu nr=%u\n", page, page_to_pfn(page), nr);
>>>> + dump_stack();
>>>> }
>>>> }
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> And I caught the following logs:
>>>>
>>>> [ 0.296399] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
>>>> page=ffffea000400c700 pfn=1049372 nr=1
>>>> [ 0.296400] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted
>>>> 7.0.0-rc4-dirty #12 PREEMPT(lazy)
>>>> [ 0.296402] Hardware name: Red Hat KVM, BIOS
>>>> rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
>>>> [ 0.296402] Call Trace:
>>>> [ 0.296403] <TASK>
>>>> [ 0.296403] dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70
>>>> [ 0.296405] __pgalloc_tag_add+0x3a3/0x6e0
>>>> [ 0.296406] ? __pfx___pgalloc_tag_add+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.296407] ? kasan_unpoison+0x27/0x60
>>>> [ 0.296409] ? __kasan_unpoison_pages+0x2c/0x40
>>>> [ 0.296411] get_page_from_freelist+0xa54/0x1310
>>>> [ 0.296413] __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x206/0x4c0
>>>> [ 0.296415] ? __pfx___alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.296417] ? stack_depot_save_flags+0x3f/0x680
>>>> [ 0.296418] ? ___slab_alloc+0x518/0x530
>>>> [ 0.296420] alloc_pages_mpol+0x13a/0x3f0
>>>> [ 0.296421] ? __pfx_alloc_pages_mpol+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.296423] ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x8a/0xf0
>>>> [ 0.296424] ? __pfx__raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.296426] alloc_slab_page+0xc2/0x130
>>>> [ 0.296427] allocate_slab+0x77/0x2c0
>>>> [ 0.296429] ? syscall_enter_define_fields+0x3bb/0x5f0
>>>> [ 0.296430] ___slab_alloc+0x125/0x530
>>>> [ 0.296432] ? __trace_define_field+0x252/0x3d0
>>>> [ 0.296433] __kmalloc_noprof+0x329/0x630
>>>> [ 0.296435] ? syscall_enter_define_fields+0x3bb/0x5f0
>>>> [ 0.296436] syscall_enter_define_fields+0x3bb/0x5f0
>>>> [ 0.296438] ? __pfx_syscall_enter_define_fields+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.296440] event_define_fields+0x326/0x540
>>>> [ 0.296441] __trace_early_add_events+0xac/0x3c0
>>>> [ 0.296443] trace_event_init+0x24c/0x460
>>>> [ 0.296445] trace_init+0x9/0x20
>>>> [ 0.296446] start_kernel+0x199/0x3c0
>>>> [ 0.296448] x86_64_start_reservations+0x18/0x30
>>>> [ 0.296449] x86_64_start_kernel+0xe2/0xf0
>>>> [ 0.296451] common_startup_64+0x13e/0x141
>>>> [ 0.296453] </TASK>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> [ 0.312234] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
>>>> page=ffffea000400f900 pfn=1049572 nr=1
>>>> [ 0.312234] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted
>>>> 7.0.0-rc4-dirty #12 PREEMPT(lazy)
>>>> [ 0.312236] Hardware name: Red Hat KVM, BIOS
>>>> rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
>>>> [ 0.312236] Call Trace:
>>>> [ 0.312237] <TASK>
>>>> [ 0.312237] dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70
>>>> [ 0.312239] __pgalloc_tag_add+0x3a3/0x6e0
>>>> [ 0.312240] ? __pfx___pgalloc_tag_add+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312241] ? rmqueue.constprop.0+0x4fc/0x1ce0
>>>> [ 0.312243] ? kasan_unpoison+0x27/0x60
>>>> [ 0.312244] ? __kasan_unpoison_pages+0x2c/0x40
>>>> [ 0.312246] get_page_from_freelist+0xa54/0x1310
>>>> [ 0.312248] __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x206/0x4c0
>>>> [ 0.312250] ? __pfx___alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312253] alloc_slab_page+0x39/0x130
>>>> [ 0.312254] allocate_slab+0x77/0x2c0
>>>> [ 0.312255] ? alloc_cpumask_var_node+0xc7/0x230
>>>> [ 0.312257] ___slab_alloc+0x46d/0x530
>>>> [ 0.312259] __kmalloc_node_noprof+0x2fa/0x680
>>>> [ 0.312261] ? alloc_cpumask_var_node+0xc7/0x230
>>>> [ 0.312263] alloc_cpumask_var_node+0xc7/0x230
>>>> [ 0.312264] init_desc+0x141/0x6b0
>>>> [ 0.312266] alloc_desc+0x108/0x1b0
>>>> [ 0.312267] early_irq_init+0xee/0x1c0
>>>> [ 0.312268] ? __pfx_early_irq_init+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312271] start_kernel+0x1ab/0x3c0
>>>> [ 0.312272] x86_64_start_reservations+0x18/0x30
>>>> [ 0.312274] x86_64_start_kernel+0xe2/0xf0
>>>> [ 0.312275] common_startup_64+0x13e/0x141
>>>> [ 0.312277] </TASK>
>>>>
>>>> [ 0.312834] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
>>>> page=ffffea000400fc00 pfn=1049584 nr=1
>>>> [ 0.312835] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted
>>>> 7.0.0-rc4-dirty #12 PREEMPT(lazy)
>>>> [ 0.312836] Hardware name: Red Hat KVM, BIOS
>>>> rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
>>>> [ 0.312837] Call Trace:
>>>> [ 0.312837] <TASK>
>>>> [ 0.312838] dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70
>>>> [ 0.312840] __pgalloc_tag_add+0x3a3/0x6e0
>>>> [ 0.312841] ? __pfx___pgalloc_tag_add+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312842] ? rmqueue.constprop.0+0x4fc/0x1ce0
>>>> [ 0.312844] ? kasan_unpoison+0x27/0x60
>>>> [ 0.312845] ? __kasan_unpoison_pages+0x2c/0x40
>>>> [ 0.312847] get_page_from_freelist+0xa54/0x1310
>>>> [ 0.312849] __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x206/0x4c0
>>>> [ 0.312851] ? __pfx___alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312853] alloc_pages_mpol+0x13a/0x3f0
>>>> [ 0.312855] ? __pfx_alloc_pages_mpol+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312856] ? xas_find+0x2d8/0x450
>>>> [ 0.312858] ? _raw_spin_lock+0x84/0xe0
>>>> [ 0.312859] ? __pfx__raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312861] alloc_pages_noprof+0xf6/0x2b0
>>>> [ 0.312862] __change_page_attr+0x293/0x850
>>>> [ 0.312864] ? __pfx___change_page_attr+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312865] ? _vm_unmap_aliases+0x2d0/0x650
>>>> [ 0.312868] ? __pfx__vm_unmap_aliases+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312869] __change_page_attr_set_clr+0x16c/0x360
>>>> [ 0.312871] ? spp_getpage+0xbb/0x1e0
>>>> [ 0.312872] change_page_attr_set_clr+0x220/0x3c0
>>>> [ 0.312873] ? flush_tlb_one_kernel+0xf/0x30
>>>> [ 0.312875] ? set_pte_vaddr_p4d+0x110/0x180
>>>> [ 0.312877] ? __pfx_change_page_attr_set_clr+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312878] ? __pfx_set_pte_vaddr_p4d+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312881] ? __pfx_mtree_load+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312883] ? __pfx_mtree_load+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312884] ? __asan_memcpy+0x3c/0x60
>>>> [ 0.312886] ? set_intr_gate+0x10c/0x150
>>>> [ 0.312888] set_memory_ro+0x76/0xa0
>>>> [ 0.312889] ? __pfx_set_memory_ro+0x10/0x10
>>>> [ 0.312891] idt_setup_apic_and_irq_gates+0x2c1/0x390
>>>>
>>>> and more.
>>> Ok, it's not the only place. Got your point.
>>>
>>>> off topic - if we were to handle only alloc_page_ext() specifically,
>>>> what would be the most straightforward
>>>>
>>>> solution in your mind? I'd really appreciate your insight.
>>> I was thinking if it's the only special case maybe we can handle it
>>> somehow differently, like we do when we allocate obj_ext vectors for
>>> slabs using __GFP_NO_OBJ_EXT. I haven't found a good solution yet but
>>> since it's not a special case we would not be able to use it even if I
>>> came up with something...
>>> I think your way is the most straight-forward but please try my
>>> suggestion to see if we can avoid extra overhead.
>>> Thanks,
>>> Suren.

Hi Suren

> Hi Hao,
>
>> Hi Suren
>>
>> Thank you for your feedback. After re-examining this issue,
>>
>> I realize my previous focus was misplaced.
>>
>> Upon deeper consideration, I understand that this is not merely a bug,
>>
>> but rather a warning that indicates a gap in our memory profiling mechanism.
>>
>> Specifically, the current implementation appears to be missing memory
>> allocation
>>
>> tracking during the period between the buddy system allocation and page_ext
>>
>> initialization.
>>
>> This profiling gap means we may not be capturing all relevant memory
>> allocation
>>
>> events during this critical transition phase.
> Correct, this limitation exists because memory profiling relies on
> some kernel facilities (page_ext, objj_ext) which might not be
> initialized yet at the time of allocation.
>
>> My approach is to dynamically allocate codetag_ref when get_page_tag_ref
>> fails,
>>
>> and maintain a linked list to track all buddy system allocations that
>> occur prior to page_ext initialization.
>>
>> However, this introduces performance concerns:
>>
>> 1. Free Path Overhead: When freeing these pages, we would need to
>> traverse the entire linked list to locate
>>
>> the corresponding codetag_ref, resulting in O(n) lookup complexity
>> per free operation.
>>
>> 2. Initialization Overhead: During init_page_alloc_tagging, iterating
>> through the linked list to assign codetag_ref to
>>
>> page_ext would introduce additional traversal cost.
>>
>> If the number of pages is substantial, this could incur significant
>> overhead. What are your thoughts on this? I look forward to your
>> suggestions.
> My thinking is that these early allocations comprise a small portion
> of overall memory consumed by the system. So, instead of trying to
> record and handle them in some alternative way, we just accept that
> some counters might not be exactly accurate and ignore those early
> allocations. See how the early slab allocations are marked with the
> CODETAG_FLAG_INACCURATE flag and later reported as inaccurate. I think
> that's an acceptable alternative to introducing extra complexity and
> performance overhead. IOW, the benefits of accounting for these early
> allocations are low compared to the effort required to account for
> them. Unless you found a simple and performant way to do that...

I have been exploring possible solutions to this issue over the past few
days,

but so far I have not come up with a good approach.

I have counted the number of memory allocations that occur earlier than the

allocation and initialization of our page_ext, and found that there are
actually

quite a lot of them.

Similarly, I have made the following changes and collected the
corresponding logs.

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 2d4b6f1a554e..6db65b3d52d3 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -1293,6 +1293,8 @@ void __pgalloc_tag_add(struct page *page, struct
task_struct *task,
alloc_tag_add(&ref, task->alloc_tag, PAGE_SIZE * nr);
update_page_tag_ref(handle, &ref);
put_page_tag_ref(handle);
+       } else{
+               pr_warn("__pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=%p pfn=%lu nr=%u\n", page, page_to_pfn(page), nr);
}
}

@@ -1314,6 +1316,8 @@ void __pgalloc_tag_sub(struct page *page, unsigned
int nr)
alloc_tag_sub(&ref, PAGE_SIZE * nr);
update_page_tag_ref(handle, &ref);
put_page_tag_ref(handle);
+       } else{
+                pr_warn("__pgalloc_tag_sub: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=%p pfn=%lu nr=%u\n", page, page_to_pfn(page), nr);
}
}

[    0.261699] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001000 pfn=1048640 nr=2
[    0.261711] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001100 pfn=1048644 nr=4
[    0.261717] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001200 pfn=1048648 nr=4
[    0.261721] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001300 pfn=1048652 nr=4
[    0.261893] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001080 pfn=1048642 nr=2
[    0.261917] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001400 pfn=1048656 nr=4
[    0.262018] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001500 pfn=1048660 nr=2
[    0.262024] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001600 pfn=1048664 nr=8
[    0.262040] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001580 pfn=1048662 nr=1
[    0.262048] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040015c0 pfn=1048663 nr=1
[    0.262056] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001800 pfn=1048672 nr=2
[    0.262064] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001880 pfn=1048674 nr=2
[    0.262078] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001900 pfn=1048676 nr=2
[    0.262196] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=8, Nodes=1
[    0.262213] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001980 pfn=1048678 nr=2
[    0.262220] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001a00 pfn=1048680 nr=4
[    0.262246] ODEBUG: selftest passed
[    0.262268] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001b00 pfn=1048684 nr=1
[    0.262318] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001b40 pfn=1048685 nr=1
[    0.262368] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001b80 pfn=1048686 nr=1
[    0.262418] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001bc0 pfn=1048687 nr=1
[    0.262469] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001c00 pfn=1048688 nr=1
[    0.262519] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001c40 pfn=1048689 nr=1
[    0.262569] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001c80 pfn=1048690 nr=1
[    0.262620] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001cc0 pfn=1048691 nr=1
[    0.262670] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001d00 pfn=1048692 nr=1
[    0.262721] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001d40 pfn=1048693 nr=1
[    0.262771] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001d80 pfn=1048694 nr=1
[    0.262821] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001dc0 pfn=1048695 nr=1
[    0.262871] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001e00 pfn=1048696 nr=1
[    0.262923] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001e40 pfn=1048697 nr=1
[    0.262974] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001e80 pfn=1048698 nr=1
[    0.263024] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001ec0 pfn=1048699 nr=1
[    0.263074] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001f00 pfn=1048700 nr=1
[    0.263124] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001f40 pfn=1048701 nr=1
[    0.263174] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001f80 pfn=1048702 nr=1
[    0.263224] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004001fc0 pfn=1048703 nr=1
[    0.263275] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002000 pfn=1048704 nr=1
[    0.263325] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002040 pfn=1048705 nr=1
[    0.263375] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002080 pfn=1048706 nr=1
[    0.263427] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002400 pfn=1048720 nr=16
[    0.263437] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040020c0 pfn=1048707 nr=1
[    0.263463] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002100 pfn=1048708 nr=1
[    0.263465] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002140 pfn=1048709 nr=1
[    0.263467] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002180 pfn=1048710 nr=1
[    0.263509] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002200 pfn=1048712 nr=4
[    0.263512] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002800 pfn=1048736 nr=8
[    0.263524] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040021c0 pfn=1048711 nr=1
[    0.263536] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002300 pfn=1048716 nr=1
[    0.263537] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002340 pfn=1048717 nr=1
[    0.263539] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002380 pfn=1048718 nr=1
[    0.263604] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004004000 pfn=1048832 nr=128
[    0.263638] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004003000 pfn=1048768 nr=64
[    0.263650] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002c00 pfn=1048752 nr=16
[    0.263655] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040023c0 pfn=1048719 nr=1
[    0.270582] __pgalloc_tag_sub: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040023c0 pfn=1048719 nr=1
[    0.270591] ftrace: allocating 52717 entries in 208 pages
[    0.270592] ftrace: allocated 208 pages with 3 groups
[    0.270620] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004002a00 pfn=1048744 nr=8
[    0.270636] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040023c0 pfn=1048719 nr=1
[    0.270643] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006000 pfn=1048960 nr=1
[    0.270649] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006040 pfn=1048961 nr=1
[    0.270658] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004007000 pfn=1049024 nr=64
[    0.270659] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006080 pfn=1048962 nr=2
[    0.270722] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006100 pfn=1048964 nr=1
[    0.270730] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006140 pfn=1048965 nr=1
[    0.270738] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006180 pfn=1048966 nr=1
[    0.270777] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040061c0 pfn=1048967 nr=1
[    0.270786] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006200 pfn=1048968 nr=1
[    0.270792] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006240 pfn=1048969 nr=1
[    0.270833] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006300 pfn=1048972 nr=4
[    0.270891] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006280 pfn=1048970 nr=1
[    0.270980] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040062c0 pfn=1048971 nr=1
[    0.271071] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006400 pfn=1048976 nr=1
[    0.271156] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006440 pfn=1048977 nr=1
[    0.271185] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006480 pfn=1048978 nr=2
[    0.271301] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006500 pfn=1048980 nr=1
[    0.271655] Dynamic Preempt: lazy
[    0.271662] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006580 pfn=1048982 nr=2
[    0.271752] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006600 pfn=1048984 nr=4
[    0.271762] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004010000 pfn=1049600 nr=4
[    0.271824] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006540 pfn=1048981 nr=1
[    0.271916] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006700 pfn=1048988 nr=2
[    0.271964] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006780 pfn=1048990 nr=1
[    0.272099] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea00040067c0 pfn=1048991 nr=1
[    0.272138] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006800 pfn=1048992 nr=2
[    0.272144] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006a00 pfn=1049000 nr=8
[    0.272249] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006c00 pfn=1049008 nr=8
[    0.272319] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006880 pfn=1048994 nr=2
[    0.272351] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006900 pfn=1048996 nr=4
[    0.272424] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004006e00 pfn=1049016 nr=8
[    0.272485] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008000 pfn=1049088 nr=8
[    0.272535] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008200 pfn=1049096 nr=2
[    0.272600] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008400 pfn=1049104 nr=8
[    0.272663] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008300 pfn=1049100 nr=4
[    0.272694] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008280 pfn=1049098 nr=2
[    0.272708] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008600 pfn=1049112 nr=8

[    0.272924] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008880 pfn=1049122 nr=2
[    0.272934] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008900 pfn=1049124 nr=2
[    0.272952] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008c00 pfn=1049136 nr=4
[    0.273035] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008980 pfn=1049126 nr=2
[    0.273062] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008e00 pfn=1049144 nr=8
[    0.273674] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008d00 pfn=1049140 nr=1
[    0.273884] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008d80 pfn=1049142 nr=2
[    0.273943] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009000 pfn=1049152 nr=2
[    0.274379] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009080 pfn=1049154 nr=2
[    0.274575] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009200 pfn=1049160 nr=8
[    0.274617] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009100 pfn=1049156 nr=4
[    0.274794] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009400 pfn=1049168 nr=2
[    0.274840] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009480 pfn=1049170 nr=2
[    0.275057] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009500 pfn=1049172 nr=2
[    0.275092] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009580 pfn=1049174 nr=2
[    0.275134] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009600 pfn=1049176 nr=8
[    0.275211] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009800 pfn=1049184 nr=4
[    0.275510] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009900 pfn=1049188 nr=2
[    0.275548] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009980 pfn=1049190 nr=2
[    0.275976] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009a00 pfn=1049192 nr=8
[    0.275987] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009c00 pfn=1049200 nr=2
[    0.276139] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009c80 pfn=1049202 nr=2
[    0.276152] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004008d40 pfn=1049141 nr=1
[    0.276242] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009d00 pfn=1049204 nr=1
[    0.276358] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009d40 pfn=1049205 nr=1
[    0.276444] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009d80 pfn=1049206 nr=1
[    0.276526] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009dc0 pfn=1049207 nr=1
[    0.276615] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009e00 pfn=1049208 nr=1
[    0.276696] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009e40 pfn=1049209 nr=1
[    0.276792] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009e80 pfn=1049210 nr=1
[    0.276827] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009f00 pfn=1049212 nr=2
[    0.276891] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009ec0 pfn=1049211 nr=1
[    0.276999] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009f80 pfn=1049214 nr=1
[    0.277082] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea0004009fc0 pfn=1049215 nr=1
[    0.277172] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea000400a000 pfn=1049216 nr=1
[    0.277257] __pgalloc_tag_add: get_page_tag_ref failed!
page=ffffea000400a040 pfn=1049217 nr=1

and so on.

> I think your earlier patch can effectively detect these early
> allocations and suppress the warnings. We should also mark these
> allocations with CODETAG_FLAG_INACCURATE.

Thanks to an excellent AI review, I realized there are issues with

my original patch. One problem is the 256-element array; another

is that it involves allocation and free operations — meaning we need

to record entries at __pgalloc_tag_add and remove them at __pgalloc_tag_sub,

which introduces a noticeable overhead. I'm wondering if we can instead
set a flag

bit in page flags during the early boot stage, which I'll refer to as
EARLY_ALLOC_FLAGS.

Then, in __pgalloc_tag_sub, we first check for EARLY_ALLOC_FLAGS. If
set, we clear the

flag and return immediately; otherwise, we perform the actual
subtraction of the tag count.

This approach seems somewhat similar to the idea behind
mem_profiling_compressed.

I would appreciate your valuable feedback and any better suggestions you
might have.

Thanks

Hao

> Thanks,
> Suren.
>
>>
>> Thanks
>>
>> Hao
>>
>>>> Thanks.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>>>> If the slab cache has no free objects, it falls back
>>>>>>>> to the buddy allocator to allocate memory. However, at this point page_ext
>>>>>>>> is not yet fully initialized, so these newly allocated pages have no
>>>>>>>> codetag set. These pages may later be reclaimed by KASAN,which causes
>>>>>>>> the warning to trigger when they are freed because their codetag ref is
>>>>>>>> still empty.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Use a global array to track pages allocated before page_ext is fully
>>>>>>>> initialized, similar to how kmemleak tracks early allocations.
>>>>>>>> When page_ext initialization completes, set their codetag
>>>>>>>> to empty to avoid warnings when they are freed later.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ...
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> --- a/include/linux/alloc_tag.h
>>>>>>>> +++ b/include/linux/alloc_tag.h
>>>>>>>> @@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ static inline void set_codetag_empty(union codetag_ref *ref)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> #ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> +bool mem_profiling_is_available(void);
>>>>>>>> +void alloc_tag_add_early_pfn(unsigned long pfn);
>>>>>>>> +
>>>>>>>> #define ALLOC_TAG_SECTION_NAME "alloc_tags"
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> struct codetag_bytes {
>>>>>>>> diff --git a/lib/alloc_tag.c b/lib/alloc_tag.c
>>>>>>>> index 58991ab09d84..a5bf4e72c154 100644
>>>>>>>> --- a/lib/alloc_tag.c
>>>>>>>> +++ b/lib/alloc_tag.c
>>>>>>>> @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
>>>>>>>> #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
>>>>>>>> #include <linux/module.h>
>>>>>>>> #include <linux/page_ext.h>
>>>>>>>> +#include <linux/pgalloc_tag.h>
>>>>>>>> #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
>>>>>>>> #include <linux/seq_buf.h>
>>>>>>>> #include <linux/seq_file.h>
>>>>>>>> @@ -26,6 +27,82 @@ static bool mem_profiling_support;
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> static struct codetag_type *alloc_tag_cttype;
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> +/*
>>>>>>>> + * State of the alloc_tag
>>>>>>>> + *
>>>>>>>> + * This is used to describe the states of the alloc_tag during bootup.
>>>>>>>> + *
>>>>>>>> + * When we need to allocate page_ext to store codetag, we face an
>>>>>>>> + * initialization timing problem:
>>>>>>>> + *
>>>>>>>> + * Due to initialization order, pages may be allocated via buddy system
>>>>>>>> + * before page_ext is fully allocated and initialized. Although these
>>>>>>>> + * pages call the allocation hooks, the codetag will not be set because
>>>>>>>> + * page_ext is not yet available.
>>>>>>>> + *
>>>>>>>> + * When these pages are later free to the buddy system, it triggers
>>>>>>>> + * warnings because their codetag is actually empty if
>>>>>>>> + * CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG is enabled.
>>>>>>>> + *
>>>>>>>> + * Additionally, in this situation, we cannot record detailed allocation
>>>>>>>> + * information for these pages.
>>>>>>>> + */
>>>>>>>> +enum mem_profiling_state {
>>>>>>>> + DOWN, /* No mem_profiling functionality yet */
>>>>>>>> + UP /* Everything is working */
>>>>>>>> +};
>>>>>>>> +
>>>>>>>> +static enum mem_profiling_state mem_profiling_state = DOWN;
>>>>>>>> +
>>>>>>>> +bool mem_profiling_is_available(void)
>>>>>>>> +{
>>>>>>>> + return mem_profiling_state == UP;
>>>>>>>> +}
>>>>>>>> +
>>>>>>>> +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG
>>>>>>>> +
>>>>>>>> +#define EARLY_ALLOC_PFN_MAX 256
>>>>>>>> +
>>>>>>>> +static unsigned long early_pfns[EARLY_ALLOC_PFN_MAX];
>>>>>>> It's unfortunate that this isn't __initdata.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> +static unsigned int early_pfn_count;
>>>>>>>> +static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(early_pfn_lock);
>>>>>>>> +
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ...
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
>>>>>>>> +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
>>>>>>>> @@ -1293,6 +1293,13 @@ void __pgalloc_tag_add(struct page *page, struct task_struct *task,
>>>>>>>> alloc_tag_add(&ref, task->alloc_tag, PAGE_SIZE * nr);
>>>>>>>> update_page_tag_ref(handle, &ref);
>>>>>>>> put_page_tag_ref(handle);
>>>>>>>> + } else {
>>>>>> This branch can be marked as "unlikely".
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> + /*
>>>>>>>> + * page_ext is not available yet, record the pfn so we can
>>>>>>>> + * clear the tag ref later when page_ext is initialized.
>>>>>>>> + */
>>>>>>>> + if (!mem_profiling_is_available())
>>>>>>>> + alloc_tag_add_early_pfn(page_to_pfn(page));
>>>>>>>> }
>>>>>>>> }
>>>>>>> All because of this, I believe. Is this fixable?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> If we take that `else', we know we're running in __init code, yes? I
>>>>>>> don't see how `__init pgalloc_tag_add_early()' could be made to work.
>>>>>>> hrm. Something clever, please.
>>>>>> We can have a pointer to a function that is initialized to point to
>>>>>> alloc_tag_add_early_pfn, which is defined as __init and uses
>>>>>> early_pfns which now can be defined as __initdata. After
>>>>>> clear_early_alloc_pfn_tag_refs() is done we reset that pointer to
>>>>>> NULL. __pgalloc_tag_add() instead of calling alloc_tag_add_early_pfn()
>>>>>> directly checks that pointer and if it's not NULL then calls the
>>>>>> function that it points to. This way __pgalloc_tag_add() which is not
>>>>>> an __init function will be invoking alloc_tag_add_early_pfn() __init
>>>>>> function only until we are done with initialization. I haven't tried
>>>>>> this but I think that should work. This also eliminates the need for
>>>>>> mem_profiling_state variable since we can use this function pointer
>>>>>> instead.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>