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[123.194.188.82]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 41be03b00d2f7-c6dcb61e4a1sm9193974a12.27.2026.02.09.06.56.25 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 bits=256/256); Mon, 09 Feb 2026 06:56:26 -0800 (PST) From: Min-Hsun Chang To: corbet@lwn.net, akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Min-Hsun Chang Subject: [PATCH v2] Docs/mm: fix typos and grammar in page_tables.rst Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 22:56:03 +0800 Message-ID: <20260209145603.96664-1-chmh0624@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.50.1 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Server: rspam11 X-Stat-Signature: 4s4pgoudizcherickh76fsd75xfcinps X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 049A140004 X-HE-Tag: 1770648987-542698 X-HE-Meta: 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 xcVVgW4b fg8dw0LeMdxExn9/Llddd41jBvgXIfNyyvDfd1Hk9aCpuol4YP3n5v29nVz50zDLuOhHkh3XnHZb6JkLS5ixQeZpbRl0+y7oLo7PbFP5y4Y30KoNSG8J1D8x2CQhuMvDU9JoN56J8Mfua39aUmPy6MGAcqOqcAW058VYvfNg/v1E2ISnUtvx3toTGzLXREUuClj0JbFygRwgCyzbliUDRPn86FLeVDZp2pHG5LqLF1bAe8vJPG0z/e6ZYxILGP93aqNv6oL9AB8vTmO4IlMC+HDm2VuBYkCuYoH1NAZt6oKnJM5VRDn3jJ2zsJzVCaVCD9h/8SH2lAQCk3KMqdLRbxkaI9P2IBwUj1ayOFU8mKBhVXNfPrsCTsByX3bD8jzYHzr1gh3IdKhQ5fX/b+Hskl+x4O+shCfkPHwd1vP9RlejSM6hIrbBX0txy38O0DYAm03wq/qgO9FHgief9iFY4cJyOcoPr3ovzSBfnMtCMiYlGELc= X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: Correct several spelling and grammatical errors in the page tables documentation. This includes: - Fixing "a address" to "an address" - Fixing "pfs" to "pfns" - Correcting the possessive "Torvald's" to "Torvalds's" - Fixing "instruction that want" to "instruction that wants" - Fixing "code path" to "code paths" Signed-off-by: Min-Hsun Chang --- Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst b/Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst index e7c69cc32493..126c87628250 100644 --- a/Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst +++ b/Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst @@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ Physical memory address 0 will be *pfn 0* and the highest pfn will be the last page of physical memory the external address bus of the CPU can address. -With a page granularity of 4KB and a address range of 32 bits, pfn 0 is at +With a page granularity of 4KB and an address range of 32 bits, pfn 0 is at address 0x00000000, pfn 1 is at address 0x00001000, pfn 2 is at 0x00002000 -and so on until we reach pfn 0xfffff at 0xfffff000. With 16KB pages pfs are +and so on until we reach pfn 0xfffff at 0xfffff000. With 16KB pages pfns are at 0x00004000, 0x00008000 ... 0xffffc000 and pfn goes from 0 to 0x3ffff. As you can see, with 4KB pages the page base address uses bits 12-31 of the @@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ address, and this is why `PAGE_SHIFT` in this case is defined as 12 and Over time a deeper hierarchy has been developed in response to increasing memory sizes. When Linux was created, 4KB pages and a single page table called `swapper_pg_dir` with 1024 entries was used, covering 4MB which coincided with -the fact that Torvald's first computer had 4MB of physical memory. Entries in -this single table were referred to as *PTE*:s - page table entries. +the fact that Torvalds's first computer had 4MB of physical memory. Entries in +this single table were referred to as *PTEs* - page table entries. The software page table hierarchy reflects the fact that page table hardware has become hierarchical and that in turn is done to save page table memory and @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ threshold. Additionally, page faults may be also caused by code bugs or by maliciously crafted addresses that the CPU is instructed to access. A thread of a process could use instructions to address (non-shared) memory which does not belong to -its own address space, or could try to execute an instruction that want to write +its own address space, or could try to execute an instruction that wants to write to a read-only location. If the above-mentioned conditions happen in user-space, the kernel sends a @@ -277,5 +277,5 @@ To conclude this high altitude view of how Linux handles page faults, let's add that the page faults handler can be disabled and enabled respectively with `pagefault_disable()` and `pagefault_enable()`. -Several code path make use of the latter two functions because they need to +Several code paths make use of the latter two functions because they need to disable traps into the page faults handler, mostly to prevent deadlocks. -- 2.50.1