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Wed, 21 Jan 2026 18:07:52 -0800 (PST) Received: from debian ([74.48.213.230]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 5a478bee46e88-2b6c2de1f29sm21740486eec.15.2026.01.21.18.07.47 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Wed, 21 Jan 2026 18:07:52 -0800 (PST) From: Qiliang Yuan To: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: david@kernel.org, mhocko@suse.com, vbabka@suse.cz, willy@infradead.org, lance.yang@linux.dev, hannes@cmpxchg.org, surenb@google.com, jackmanb@google.com, ziy@nvidia.com, weixugc@google.com, rppt@kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, netdev@vger.kernel.org, edumazet@google.com, jis1@chinatelecom.cn, wangh13@chinatelecom.cn, liyi1@chinatelecom.cn, sunshx@chinatelecom.cn, zhangzq20@chinatelecom.cn, zhangjn11@chinatelecom.cn, Qiliang Yuan , Qiliang Yuan Subject: [PATCH v6] mm/page_alloc: boost watermarks on atomic allocation failure Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2026 21:07:42 -0500 Message-ID: <20260122020742.230219-1-realwujing@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.51.0 In-Reply-To: <20260121125603.47b204cc8fbe9466b25cce16@linux-foundation.org> References: <20260121125603.47b204cc8fbe9466b25cce16@linux-foundation.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Rspamd-Server: rspam11 X-Stat-Signature: uri9bsa4ncuirghnzsq7ee5gee8tsbn1 X-Rspam-User: X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: A5E551C000A X-HE-Tag: 1769047674-714467 X-HE-Meta: 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 XJ1j7I2s 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 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: Atomic allocations (GFP_ATOMIC) are prone to failure under heavy memory pressure as they cannot enter direct reclaim. This patch introduces a 'Soft Boost' mechanism to mitigate this. When a GFP_ATOMIC request fails or enters the slowpath, the preferred zone's watermark_boost is increased. This triggers kswapd to proactively reclaim memory, creating a safety buffer for future atomic bursts. To prevent excessive reclaim during packet storms, a 1-second debounce timer (last_boost_jiffies) is added to each zone to rate-limit boosts. This approach reuses existing watermark_boost infrastructure, ensuring minimal overhead and asynchronous background reclaim via kswapd. Allocation failure logs: [38535644.718700] node 0: slabs: 1031, objs: 43328, free: 0 [38535644.725059] node 1: slabs: 339, objs: 17616, free: 317 [38535645.428345] SLUB: Unable to allocate memory on node -1, gfp=0x480020(GFP_ATOMIC) [38535645.436888] cache: skbuff_head_cache, object size: 232, buffer size: 256, default order: 2, min order: 0 [38535645.447664] node 0: slabs: 940, objs: 40864, free: 144 [38535645.454026] node 1: slabs: 322, objs: 19168, free: 383 [38535645.556122] SLUB: Unable to allocate memory on node -1, gfp=0x480020(GFP_ATOMIC) [38535645.564576] cache: skbuff_head_cache, object size: 232, buffer size: 256, default order: 2, min order: 0 [38535649.655523] warn_alloc: 59 callbacks suppressed [38535649.655527] swapper/100: page allocation failure: order:0, mode:0x480020(GFP_ATOMIC), nodemask=(null) [38535649.671692] swapper/100 cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0-1 Signed-off-by: Qiliang Yuan Signed-off-by: Qiliang Yuan --- v6: - Replace magic number ">> 10" with ATOMIC_BOOST_SCALE_SHIFT define - Add documentation explaining 0.1% zone size boost rationale v5: - Simplify to use native boost_watermark() instead of custom logic v4: - Add watermark_scale_boost and gradual decay via balance_pgdat v3: - Move debounce timer to per-zone; optimize zone selection v2: - Add debounce logic and zone-proportional boosting v1: - Initial: boost min_free_kbytes on GFP_ATOMIC failure --- include/linux/mmzone.h | 1 + mm/page_alloc.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) --- include/linux/mmzone.h | 1 + mm/page_alloc.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h index 75ef7c9f9307..8e37e4e6765b 100644 --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h @@ -882,6 +882,7 @@ struct zone { /* zone watermarks, access with *_wmark_pages(zone) macros */ unsigned long _watermark[NR_WMARK]; unsigned long watermark_boost; + unsigned long last_boost_jiffies; unsigned long nr_reserved_highatomic; unsigned long nr_free_highatomic; diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c index c380f063e8b7..8ea2435125d5 100644 --- a/mm/page_alloc.c +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c @@ -218,6 +218,13 @@ unsigned int pageblock_order __read_mostly; static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order, fpi_t fpi_flags); +/* + * Boost watermarks by ~0.1% of zone size on atomic allocation pressure. + * This provides zone-proportional safety buffers: ~1MB per 1GB of zone size. + * Larger zones under GFP_ATOMIC pressure need proportionally larger reserves. + */ +#define ATOMIC_BOOST_SCALE_SHIFT 10 + /* * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl: * 1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high) @@ -2189,12 +2196,31 @@ static inline bool boost_watermark(struct zone *zone) max_boost = max(pageblock_nr_pages, max_boost); - zone->watermark_boost = min(zone->watermark_boost + pageblock_nr_pages, + zone->watermark_boost = min(zone->watermark_boost + + max(pageblock_nr_pages, zone_managed_pages(zone) >> ATOMIC_BOOST_SCALE_SHIFT), max_boost); return true; } +static void boost_zones_for_atomic(struct alloc_context *ac, gfp_t gfp_mask) +{ + struct zoneref *z; + struct zone *zone; + unsigned long now = jiffies; + + for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, ac->zonelist, ac->highest_zoneidx) { + /* 1 second debounce to avoid spamming boosts in a burst */ + if (time_after(now, zone->last_boost_jiffies + HZ)) { + zone->last_boost_jiffies = now; + if (boost_watermark(zone)) + wakeup_kswapd(zone, gfp_mask, 0, ac->highest_zoneidx); + /* Only boost the preferred zone to be precise */ + break; + } + } +} + /* * When we are falling back to another migratetype during allocation, should we * try to claim an entire block to satisfy further allocations, instead of @@ -4742,6 +4768,10 @@ __alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, if (page) goto got_pg; + /* Proactively boost for atomic requests entering slowpath */ + if ((gfp_mask & GFP_ATOMIC) && order == 0) + boost_zones_for_atomic(ac, gfp_mask); + /* * For costly allocations, try direct compaction first, as it's likely * that we have enough base pages and don't need to reclaim. For non- @@ -4947,6 +4977,10 @@ __alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, goto retry; } fail: + /* Boost watermarks on atomic allocation failure to trigger kswapd */ + if (unlikely(page == NULL && (gfp_mask & GFP_ATOMIC) && order == 0)) + boost_zones_for_atomic(ac, gfp_mask); + warn_alloc(gfp_mask, ac->nodemask, "page allocation failure: order:%u", order); got_pg: -- 2.51.0