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* [PATCH] mm, compaction: allow compaction for GFP_NOFS requests
@ 2016-10-12 11:47 Michal Hocko
  2016-10-13  6:19 ` Vlastimil Babka
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 3+ messages in thread
From: Michal Hocko @ 2016-10-12 11:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Andrew Morton
  Cc: Mel Gorman, Vlastimil Babka, Joonsoo Kim, Dave Chinner, linux-mm,
	LKML, Michal Hocko

From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

compaction has been disabled for GFP_NOFS and GFP_NOIO requests since
the direct compaction was introduced by 56de7263fcf3 ("mm: compaction:
direct compact when a high-order allocation fails"). The main reason
is that the migration of page cache pages might recurse back to fs/io
layer and we could potentially deadlock. This is overly conservative
because all the anonymous memory is migrateable in the GFP_NOFS context
just fine.  This might be a large portion of the memory in many/most
workkloads.

Remove the GFP_NOFS restriction and make sure that we skip all fs pages
(those with a mapping) while isolating pages to be migrated. We cannot
consider clean fs pages because they might need a metadata update so
only isolate pages without any mapping for nofs requests.

The effect of this patch will be probably very limited in many/most
workloads because higher order GFP_NOFS requests are quite rare,
although different configurations might lead to very different results.
David Chinner has mentioned a heavy metadata workload with 64kB block
which to quote him:
"
Unfortunately, there was an era of cargo cult configuration tweaks
in the Ceph community that has resulted in a large number of
production machines with XFS filesystems configured this way. And a
lot of them store large numbers of small files and run under
significant sustained memory pressure.

I slowly working towards getting rid of these high order allocations
and replacing them with the equivalent number of single page
allocations, but I haven't got that (complex) change working yet.
"

We can do the following to simulate that workload:
$ mkfs.xfs -f -n size=64k <dev>
$ mount <dev> /mnt/scratch
$ time ./fs_mark  -D  10000  -S0  -n  100000  -s  0  -L  32 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/0  -d  /mnt/scratch/1 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/2  -d  /mnt/scratch/3 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/4  -d  /mnt/scratch/5 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/6  -d  /mnt/scratch/7 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/8  -d  /mnt/scratch/9 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/10  -d  /mnt/scratch/11 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/12  -d  /mnt/scratch/13 \
        -d  /mnt/scratch/14  -d  /mnt/scratch/15

and indeed is hammers the system with many high order GFP_NOFS requests as
per a simle tracepoint during the load:
$ echo '!(gfp_flags & 0x80) && (gfp_flags &0x400000)' > $TRACE_MNT/events/kmem/mm_page_alloc/filter
I am getting
5287609 order=0
     37 order=1
1594905 order=2
3048439 order=3
6699207 order=4
  66645 order=5

My testing was done in a kvm guest so performance numbers should be
taken with a grain of salt but there seems to be a difference when the
patch is applied:

* Original kernel
FSUse%        Count         Size    Files/sec     App Overhead
     1      1600000            0       4300.1         20745838
     3      3200000            0       4239.9         23849857
     5      4800000            0       4243.4         25939543
     6      6400000            0       4248.4         19514050
     8      8000000            0       4262.1         20796169
     9      9600000            0       4257.6         21288675
    11     11200000            0       4259.7         19375120
    13     12800000            0       4220.7         22734141
    14     14400000            0       4238.5         31936458
    16     16000000            0       4231.5         23409901
    18     17600000            0       4045.3         23577700
    19     19200000            0       2783.4         58299526
    21     20800000            0       2678.2         40616302
    23     22400000            0       2693.5         83973996

and xfs complaining about memory allocation not making progress
[ 2304.372647] XFS: fs_mark(3289) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65624 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 2304.443323] XFS: fs_mark(3285) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65728 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 4796.772477] XFS: fs_mark(3424) possible memory allocation deadlock size 46936 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 4796.775329] XFS: fs_mark(3423) possible memory allocation deadlock size 51416 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
[ 4797.388808] XFS: fs_mark(3424) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65728 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)

* Patched kernel
FSUse%        Count         Size    Files/sec     App Overhead
     1      1600000            0       4289.1         19243934
     3      3200000            0       4241.6         32828865
     5      4800000            0       4248.7         32884693
     6      6400000            0       4314.4         19608921
     8      8000000            0       4269.9         24953292
     9      9600000            0       4270.7         33235572
    11     11200000            0       4346.4         40817101
    13     12800000            0       4285.3         29972397
    14     14400000            0       4297.2         20539765
    16     16000000            0       4219.6         18596767
    18     17600000            0       4273.8         49611187
    19     19200000            0       4300.4         27944451
    21     20800000            0       4270.6         22324585
    22     22400000            0       4317.6         22650382
    24     24000000            0       4065.2         22297964

So the dropdown at Count 19200000 didn't happen and there was only a
single warning about allocation not making progress
[ 3063.815003] XFS: fs_mark(3272) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65624 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)

This suggests that the patch has helped even though there is not all
that much of anonymous memory as the workload mostly generates fs
metadata. I assume the success rate would be higher with more anonymous
memory which should be the case in many workloads.

Changes since RFC
- testing results from the test case suggested by David
- fix kcompactd and proc triggered compaction by giving them GFP_KERNEL
  gfp_mask as per Vlastimil

Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
---

Hi,
I have previously posted this as an RFC [1] but I feel this is worth
pursuing after knowing that there really might be some workloads
which trigger heavy GFP_NOFS workloads. My testing suggests that
the patch makes difference even in fs metadata heavy workloads which
do not involve a lot of anonymous memory.

[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161004081215.5563-1-mhocko@kernel.org

 mm/compaction.c | 17 ++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/compaction.c b/mm/compaction.c
index 0409a4ad6ea1..d1d90e96ef4b 100644
--- a/mm/compaction.c
+++ b/mm/compaction.c
@@ -834,6 +834,13 @@ isolate_migratepages_block(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long low_pfn,
 		    page_count(page) > page_mapcount(page))
 			goto isolate_fail;
 
+		/*
+		 * Only allow to migrate anonymous pages in GFP_NOFS context
+		 * because those do not depend on fs locks.
+		 */
+		if (!(cc->gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) && page_mapping(page))
+			goto isolate_fail;
+
 		/* If we already hold the lock, we can skip some rechecking */
 		if (!locked) {
 			locked = compact_trylock_irqsave(zone_lru_lock(zone),
@@ -1696,14 +1703,16 @@ enum compact_result try_to_compact_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
 		unsigned int alloc_flags, const struct alloc_context *ac,
 		enum compact_priority prio)
 {
-	int may_enter_fs = gfp_mask & __GFP_FS;
 	int may_perform_io = gfp_mask & __GFP_IO;
 	struct zoneref *z;
 	struct zone *zone;
 	enum compact_result rc = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
 
-	/* Check if the GFP flags allow compaction */
-	if (!may_enter_fs || !may_perform_io)
+	/*
+	 * Check if the GFP flags allow compaction - GFP_NOIO is really
+	 * tricky context because the migration might require IO and
+	 */
+	if (!may_perform_io)
 		return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
 
 	trace_mm_compaction_try_to_compact_pages(order, gfp_mask, prio);
@@ -1770,6 +1779,7 @@ static void compact_node(int nid)
 		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC,
 		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
 		.whole_zone = true,
+		.gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL,
 	};
 
 
@@ -1895,6 +1905,7 @@ static void kcompactd_do_work(pg_data_t *pgdat)
 		.classzone_idx = pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx,
 		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT,
 		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
+		.gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL,
 
 	};
 	trace_mm_compaction_kcompactd_wake(pgdat->node_id, cc.order,
-- 
2.9.3

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^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH] mm, compaction: allow compaction for GFP_NOFS requests
  2016-10-12 11:47 [PATCH] mm, compaction: allow compaction for GFP_NOFS requests Michal Hocko
@ 2016-10-13  6:19 ` Vlastimil Babka
  2016-10-13  6:22   ` Michal Hocko
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 3+ messages in thread
From: Vlastimil Babka @ 2016-10-13  6:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michal Hocko, Andrew Morton
  Cc: Mel Gorman, Joonsoo Kim, Dave Chinner, linux-mm, LKML, Michal Hocko

On 10/12/2016 01:47 PM, Michal Hocko wrote:
> From: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
>
> compaction has been disabled for GFP_NOFS and GFP_NOIO requests since
> the direct compaction was introduced by 56de7263fcf3 ("mm: compaction:
> direct compact when a high-order allocation fails"). The main reason
> is that the migration of page cache pages might recurse back to fs/io
> layer and we could potentially deadlock. This is overly conservative
> because all the anonymous memory is migrateable in the GFP_NOFS context
> just fine.  This might be a large portion of the memory in many/most
> workkloads.
>
> Remove the GFP_NOFS restriction and make sure that we skip all fs pages
> (those with a mapping) while isolating pages to be migrated. We cannot
> consider clean fs pages because they might need a metadata update so
> only isolate pages without any mapping for nofs requests.
>
> The effect of this patch will be probably very limited in many/most
> workloads because higher order GFP_NOFS requests are quite rare,
> although different configurations might lead to very different results.
> David Chinner has mentioned a heavy metadata workload with 64kB block
> which to quote him:
> "
> Unfortunately, there was an era of cargo cult configuration tweaks
> in the Ceph community that has resulted in a large number of
> production machines with XFS filesystems configured this way. And a
> lot of them store large numbers of small files and run under
> significant sustained memory pressure.
>
> I slowly working towards getting rid of these high order allocations
> and replacing them with the equivalent number of single page
> allocations, but I haven't got that (complex) change working yet.
> "
>
> We can do the following to simulate that workload:
> $ mkfs.xfs -f -n size=64k <dev>
> $ mount <dev> /mnt/scratch
> $ time ./fs_mark  -D  10000  -S0  -n  100000  -s  0  -L  32 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/0  -d  /mnt/scratch/1 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/2  -d  /mnt/scratch/3 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/4  -d  /mnt/scratch/5 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/6  -d  /mnt/scratch/7 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/8  -d  /mnt/scratch/9 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/10  -d  /mnt/scratch/11 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/12  -d  /mnt/scratch/13 \
>         -d  /mnt/scratch/14  -d  /mnt/scratch/15
>
> and indeed is hammers the system with many high order GFP_NOFS requests as
> per a simle tracepoint during the load:
> $ echo '!(gfp_flags & 0x80) && (gfp_flags &0x400000)' > $TRACE_MNT/events/kmem/mm_page_alloc/filter
> I am getting
> 5287609 order=0
>      37 order=1
> 1594905 order=2
> 3048439 order=3
> 6699207 order=4
>   66645 order=5
>
> My testing was done in a kvm guest so performance numbers should be
> taken with a grain of salt but there seems to be a difference when the
> patch is applied:
>
> * Original kernel
> FSUse%        Count         Size    Files/sec     App Overhead
>      1      1600000            0       4300.1         20745838
>      3      3200000            0       4239.9         23849857
>      5      4800000            0       4243.4         25939543
>      6      6400000            0       4248.4         19514050
>      8      8000000            0       4262.1         20796169
>      9      9600000            0       4257.6         21288675
>     11     11200000            0       4259.7         19375120
>     13     12800000            0       4220.7         22734141
>     14     14400000            0       4238.5         31936458
>     16     16000000            0       4231.5         23409901
>     18     17600000            0       4045.3         23577700
>     19     19200000            0       2783.4         58299526
>     21     20800000            0       2678.2         40616302
>     23     22400000            0       2693.5         83973996
>
> and xfs complaining about memory allocation not making progress
> [ 2304.372647] XFS: fs_mark(3289) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65624 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
> [ 2304.443323] XFS: fs_mark(3285) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65728 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
> [ 4796.772477] XFS: fs_mark(3424) possible memory allocation deadlock size 46936 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
> [ 4796.775329] XFS: fs_mark(3423) possible memory allocation deadlock size 51416 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
> [ 4797.388808] XFS: fs_mark(3424) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65728 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
>
> * Patched kernel
> FSUse%        Count         Size    Files/sec     App Overhead
>      1      1600000            0       4289.1         19243934
>      3      3200000            0       4241.6         32828865
>      5      4800000            0       4248.7         32884693
>      6      6400000            0       4314.4         19608921
>      8      8000000            0       4269.9         24953292
>      9      9600000            0       4270.7         33235572
>     11     11200000            0       4346.4         40817101
>     13     12800000            0       4285.3         29972397
>     14     14400000            0       4297.2         20539765
>     16     16000000            0       4219.6         18596767
>     18     17600000            0       4273.8         49611187
>     19     19200000            0       4300.4         27944451
>     21     20800000            0       4270.6         22324585
>     22     22400000            0       4317.6         22650382
>     24     24000000            0       4065.2         22297964
>
> So the dropdown at Count 19200000 didn't happen and there was only a
> single warning about allocation not making progress
> [ 3063.815003] XFS: fs_mark(3272) possible memory allocation deadlock size 65624 in kmem_alloc (mode:0x2408240)
>
> This suggests that the patch has helped even though there is not all
> that much of anonymous memory as the workload mostly generates fs
> metadata. I assume the success rate would be higher with more anonymous
> memory which should be the case in many workloads.
>
> Changes since RFC
> - testing results from the test case suggested by David
> - fix kcompactd and proc triggered compaction by giving them GFP_KERNEL
>   gfp_mask as per Vlastimil
>
> Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>

Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>

Small nitpick below.

> @@ -1696,14 +1703,16 @@ enum compact_result try_to_compact_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
>  		unsigned int alloc_flags, const struct alloc_context *ac,
>  		enum compact_priority prio)
>  {
> -	int may_enter_fs = gfp_mask & __GFP_FS;
>  	int may_perform_io = gfp_mask & __GFP_IO;
>  	struct zoneref *z;
>  	struct zone *zone;
>  	enum compact_result rc = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
>
> -	/* Check if the GFP flags allow compaction */
> -	if (!may_enter_fs || !may_perform_io)
> +	/*
> +	 * Check if the GFP flags allow compaction - GFP_NOIO is really
> +	 * tricky context because the migration might require IO and

"and" ?

> +	 */
> +	if (!may_perform_io)
>  		return COMPACT_SKIPPED;
>
>  	trace_mm_compaction_try_to_compact_pages(order, gfp_mask, prio);
> @@ -1770,6 +1779,7 @@ static void compact_node(int nid)
>  		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC,
>  		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
>  		.whole_zone = true,
> +		.gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL,
>  	};
>
>
> @@ -1895,6 +1905,7 @@ static void kcompactd_do_work(pg_data_t *pgdat)
>  		.classzone_idx = pgdat->kcompactd_classzone_idx,
>  		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT,
>  		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
> +		.gfp_mask = GFP_KERNEL,
>
>  	};
>  	trace_mm_compaction_kcompactd_wake(pgdat->node_id, cc.order,
>

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^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread

* Re: [PATCH] mm, compaction: allow compaction for GFP_NOFS requests
  2016-10-13  6:19 ` Vlastimil Babka
@ 2016-10-13  6:22   ` Michal Hocko
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 3+ messages in thread
From: Michal Hocko @ 2016-10-13  6:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Vlastimil Babka
  Cc: Andrew Morton, Mel Gorman, Joonsoo Kim, Dave Chinner, linux-mm, LKML

On Thu 13-10-16 08:19:53, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
> On 10/12/2016 01:47 PM, Michal Hocko wrote:
[...]
> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>

Thanks!

> 
> Small nitpick below.
> 
> > @@ -1696,14 +1703,16 @@ enum compact_result try_to_compact_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
> >  		unsigned int alloc_flags, const struct alloc_context *ac,
> >  		enum compact_priority prio)
> >  {
> > -	int may_enter_fs = gfp_mask & __GFP_FS;
> >  	int may_perform_io = gfp_mask & __GFP_IO;
> >  	struct zoneref *z;
> >  	struct zone *zone;
> >  	enum compact_result rc = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
> > 
> > -	/* Check if the GFP flags allow compaction */
> > -	if (!may_enter_fs || !may_perform_io)
> > +	/*
> > +	 * Check if the GFP flags allow compaction - GFP_NOIO is really
> > +	 * tricky context because the migration might require IO and
> 
> "and" ?

a leftover from a longer comment. s@ and@.@

Thanks for the review!
-- 
Michal Hocko
SUSE Labs

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^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread

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