From: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
To: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>,
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org
Subject: [PATCH 6/13] Group short-lived and reclaimable kernel allocations
Subject: Group short-lived and reclaimable kernel allocations
Date: Mon, 10 Sep 2007 12:22:11 +0100 (IST) [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20070910112211.3097.86408.sendpatchset@skynet.skynet.ie> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20070910112011.3097.8438.sendpatchset@skynet.skynet.ie>
This patch marks a number of allocations that are either short-lived such as
network buffers or are reclaimable such as inode allocations. When something
like updatedb is called, long-lived and unmovable kernel allocations tend to
be spread throughout the address space which increases fragmentation.
This patch groups these allocations together as much as possible by adding a
new MIGRATE_TYPE. The MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE type is for allocations that can be
reclaimed on demand, but not moved. i.e. they can be migrated by deleting
them and re-reading the information from elsewhere.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---
fs/buffer.c | 3 ++-
fs/jbd/journal.c | 4 ++--
fs/jbd/revoke.c | 6 ++++--
fs/proc/base.c | 13 +++++++------
fs/proc/generic.c | 2 +-
include/linux/gfp.h | 15 ++++++++++++---
include/linux/mmzone.h | 5 +++--
include/linux/pageblock-flags.h | 2 +-
include/linux/slab.h | 4 +++-
kernel/cpuset.c | 2 +-
lib/radix-tree.c | 6 ++++--
mm/page_alloc.c | 10 +++++++---
mm/shmem.c | 4 ++--
mm/slab.c | 2 ++
mm/slub.c | 3 +++
15 files changed, 54 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/buffer.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/fs/buffer.c 2007-09-09 18:23:34.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/buffer.c 2007-09-09 18:26:16.000000000 +0100
@@ -3100,7 +3100,8 @@
struct buffer_head *alloc_buffer_head(gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
- struct buffer_head *ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(bh_cachep, gfp_flags);
+ struct buffer_head *ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(bh_cachep,
+ set_migrateflags(gfp_flags, __GFP_RECLAIMABLE));
if (ret) {
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ret->b_assoc_buffers);
get_cpu_var(bh_accounting).nr++;
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/jbd/journal.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/fs/jbd/journal.c 2007-08-28 02:32:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/jbd/journal.c 2007-09-09 18:26:17.000000000 +0100
@@ -1710,7 +1710,7 @@
journal_head_cache = kmem_cache_create("journal_head",
sizeof(struct journal_head),
0, /* offset */
- 0, /* flags */
+ SLAB_TEMPORARY, /* flags */
NULL); /* ctor */
retval = 0;
if (journal_head_cache == 0) {
@@ -2006,7 +2006,7 @@
jbd_handle_cache = kmem_cache_create("journal_handle",
sizeof(handle_t),
0, /* offset */
- 0, /* flags */
+ SLAB_TEMPORARY, /* flags */
NULL); /* ctor */
if (jbd_handle_cache == NULL) {
printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD: failed to create handle cache\n");
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/jbd/revoke.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/fs/jbd/revoke.c 2007-08-28 02:32:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/jbd/revoke.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
@@ -170,13 +170,15 @@
{
revoke_record_cache = kmem_cache_create("revoke_record",
sizeof(struct jbd_revoke_record_s),
- 0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN, NULL);
+ 0,
+ SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_TEMPORARY,
+ NULL);
if (revoke_record_cache == 0)
return -ENOMEM;
revoke_table_cache = kmem_cache_create("revoke_table",
sizeof(struct jbd_revoke_table_s),
- 0, 0, NULL);
+ 0, SLAB_TEMPORARY, NULL);
if (revoke_table_cache == 0) {
kmem_cache_destroy(revoke_record_cache);
revoke_record_cache = NULL;
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/proc/base.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/fs/proc/base.c 2007-08-28 02:32:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/proc/base.c 2007-09-09 18:27:51.000000000 +0100
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
count = PROC_BLOCK_SIZE;
length = -ENOMEM;
- if (!(page = __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)))
+ if (!(page = __get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY)))
goto out;
length = PROC_I(inode)->op.proc_read(task, (char*)page);
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
goto out;
ret = -ENOMEM;
- page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
+ page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
goto out;
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@
goto out;
copied = -ENOMEM;
- page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
+ page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
goto out;
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@
/* No partial writes. */
return -EINVAL;
}
- page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
+ page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
return -ENOMEM;
length = -EFAULT;
@@ -954,7 +954,8 @@
char __user *buffer, int buflen)
{
struct inode * inode;
- char *tmp = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL), *path;
+ char *tmp = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
+ char *path;
int len;
if (!tmp)
@@ -1726,7 +1727,7 @@
goto out;
length = -ENOMEM;
- page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_USER);
+ page = (char*)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY);
if (!page)
goto out;
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/proc/generic.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/fs/proc/generic.c 2007-08-28 02:32:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/fs/proc/generic.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
nbytes = MAX_NON_LFS - pos;
dp = PDE(inode);
- if (!(page = (char*) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)))
+ if (!(page = (char*) __get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY)))
return -ENOMEM;
while ((nbytes > 0) && !eof) {
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/gfp.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/include/linux/gfp.h 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/gfp.h 2007-09-09 18:28:08.000000000 +0100
@@ -48,9 +48,10 @@
#define __GFP_NOMEMALLOC ((__force gfp_t)0x10000u) /* Don't use emergency reserves */
#define __GFP_HARDWALL ((__force gfp_t)0x20000u) /* Enforce hardwall cpuset memory allocs */
#define __GFP_THISNODE ((__force gfp_t)0x40000u)/* No fallback, no policies */
-#define __GFP_MOVABLE ((__force gfp_t)0x80000u) /* Page is movable */
+#define __GFP_RECLAIMABLE ((__force gfp_t)0x80000u) /* Page is reclaimable */
+#define __GFP_MOVABLE ((__force gfp_t)0x100000u) /* Page is movable */
-#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT 20 /* Room for 20 __GFP_FOO bits */
+#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT 21 /* Room for 21 __GFP_FOO bits */
#define __GFP_BITS_MASK ((__force gfp_t)((1 << __GFP_BITS_SHIFT) - 1))
/* This equals 0, but use constants in case they ever change */
@@ -60,6 +61,8 @@
#define GFP_NOIO (__GFP_WAIT)
#define GFP_NOFS (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO)
#define GFP_KERNEL (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS)
+#define GFP_TEMPORARY (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | \
+ __GFP_RECLAIMABLE)
#define GFP_USER (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_HARDWALL)
#define GFP_HIGHUSER (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_HARDWALL | \
__GFP_HIGHMEM)
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@
#endif
/* This mask makes up all the page movable related flags */
-#define GFP_MOVABLE_MASK (__GFP_MOVABLE)
+#define GFP_MOVABLE_MASK (__GFP_RECLAIMABLE|__GFP_MOVABLE)
/* Control page allocator reclaim behavior */
#define GFP_RECLAIM_MASK (__GFP_WAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_IO|__GFP_FS|\
@@ -129,6 +132,12 @@
return base + ZONE_NORMAL;
}
+static inline gfp_t set_migrateflags(gfp_t gfp, gfp_t migrate_flags)
+{
+ BUG_ON((gfp & GFP_MOVABLE_MASK) == GFP_MOVABLE_MASK);
+ return (gfp & ~(GFP_MOVABLE_MASK)) | migrate_flags;
+}
+
/*
* There is only one page-allocator function, and two main namespaces to
* it. The alloc_page*() variants return 'struct page *' and as such
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/mmzone.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/include/linux/mmzone.h 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/mmzone.h 2007-09-09 18:27:53.000000000 +0100
@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@
#define PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER 3
#define MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE 0
-#define MIGRATE_MOVABLE 1
-#define MIGRATE_TYPES 2
+#define MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE 1
+#define MIGRATE_MOVABLE 2
+#define MIGRATE_TYPES 3
#define for_each_migratetype_order(order, type) \
for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) \
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/pageblock-flags.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/include/linux/pageblock-flags.h 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/pageblock-flags.h 2007-09-09 18:27:49.000000000 +0100
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
/* Bit indices that affect a whole block of pages */
enum pageblock_bits {
- PB_range(PB_migrate, 1), /* 1 bit required for migrate types */
+ PB_range(PB_migrate, 2), /* 2 bits required for migrate types */
NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS
};
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/slab.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/include/linux/slab.h 2007-08-28 02:32:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/include/linux/slab.h 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
@@ -24,12 +24,14 @@
#define SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN 0x00002000UL /* Align objs on cache lines */
#define SLAB_CACHE_DMA 0x00004000UL /* Use GFP_DMA memory */
#define SLAB_STORE_USER 0x00010000UL /* DEBUG: Store the last owner for bug hunting */
-#define SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT 0x00020000UL /* Objects are reclaimable */
#define SLAB_PANIC 0x00040000UL /* Panic if kmem_cache_create() fails */
#define SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU 0x00080000UL /* Defer freeing slabs to RCU */
#define SLAB_MEM_SPREAD 0x00100000UL /* Spread some memory over cpuset */
#define SLAB_TRACE 0x00200000UL /* Trace allocations and frees */
+/* The following flags affect the page allocator grouping pages by mobility */
+#define SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT 0x00020000UL /* Objects are reclaimable */
+#define SLAB_TEMPORARY SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT /* Objects are short-lived */
/*
* ZERO_SIZE_PTR will be returned for zero sized kmalloc requests.
*
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/kernel/cpuset.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/kernel/cpuset.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/kernel/cpuset.c 2007-09-09 18:27:30.000000000 +0100
@@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@
ssize_t retval = 0;
char *s;
- if (!(page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)))
+ if (!(page = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_TEMPORARY)))
return -ENOMEM;
s = page;
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/lib/radix-tree.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/lib/radix-tree.c 2007-09-09 18:23:33.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/lib/radix-tree.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@
struct radix_tree_node *ret;
gfp_t gfp_mask = root_gfp_mask(root);
- ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
+ ret = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep,
+ set_migrateflags(gfp_mask, __GFP_RECLAIMABLE));
if (ret == NULL && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT)) {
struct radix_tree_preload *rtp;
@@ -142,7 +143,8 @@
rtp = &__get_cpu_var(radix_tree_preloads);
while (rtp->nr < ARRAY_SIZE(rtp->nodes)) {
preempt_enable();
- node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep, gfp_mask);
+ node = kmem_cache_alloc(radix_tree_node_cachep,
+ set_migrateflags(gfp_mask, __GFP_RECLAIMABLE));
if (node == NULL)
goto out;
preempt_disable();
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/page_alloc.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/mm/page_alloc.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/page_alloc.c 2007-09-09 18:27:53.000000000 +0100
@@ -175,7 +175,10 @@
static inline int allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
- return ((gfp_flags & __GFP_MOVABLE) != 0);
+ WARN_ON((gfp_flags & GFP_MOVABLE_MASK) == GFP_MOVABLE_MASK);
+
+ return (((gfp_flags & __GFP_MOVABLE) != 0) << 1) |
+ ((gfp_flags & __GFP_RECLAIMABLE) != 0);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
@@ -662,8 +665,9 @@
* the free lists for the desirable migrate type are depleted
*/
static int fallbacks[MIGRATE_TYPES][MIGRATE_TYPES-1] = {
- [MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_MOVABLE },
- [MIGRATE_MOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE },
+ [MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_MOVABLE },
+ [MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE] = { MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE, MIGRATE_MOVABLE },
+ [MIGRATE_MOVABLE] = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE },
};
/* Remove an element from the buddy allocator from the fallback list */
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/shmem.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/mm/shmem.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/shmem.c 2007-09-09 18:27:48.000000000 +0100
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@
* BLOCKS_PER_PAGE on indirect pages, assume PAGE_CACHE_SIZE:
* might be reconsidered if it ever diverges from PAGE_SIZE.
*
- * __GFP_MOVABLE is masked out as swap vectors cannot move
+ * Mobility flags are masked out as swap vectors cannot move
*/
- return alloc_pages((gfp_mask & ~__GFP_MOVABLE) | __GFP_ZERO,
+ return alloc_pages((gfp_mask & ~GFP_MOVABLE_MASK) | __GFP_ZERO,
PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT);
}
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/slab.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/mm/slab.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/slab.c 2007-09-09 18:26:54.000000000 +0100
@@ -1643,6 +1643,8 @@
#endif
flags |= cachep->gfpflags;
+ if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
+ flags |= __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;
page = alloc_pages_node(nodeid, flags, cachep->gfporder);
if (!page)
Index: linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/slub.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped.orig/mm/slub.c 2007-09-09 18:23:35.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-2.6.23-rc4-mm1-redropped/mm/slub.c 2007-09-09 18:27:50.000000000 +0100
@@ -1046,6 +1046,9 @@
if (s->flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA)
flags |= SLUB_DMA;
+ if (s->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
+ flags |= __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;
+
if (node == -1)
page = alloc_pages(flags, s->order);
else
--
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next prev parent reply other threads:[~2007-09-10 11:22 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 23+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2007-09-10 11:20 [PATCH 0/13] Reduce external fragmentation by grouping pages by mobility v30 Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:20 ` [PATCH 1/13] ia64: parse kernel parameter hugepagesz= in early boot, ia64: parse kernel parameter hugepagesz= in early boot Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:20 ` [PATCH 2/13] Add a bitmap that is used to track flags affecting a block of pages, Add a bitmap that is used to track flags affecting a block of pages Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:21 ` [PATCH 3/13] Fix corruption of memmap on ia64-sparsemem when mem_section is not a power of 2, Fix corruption of memmap on ia64-sparsemem when mem_section is not a power of 2 Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:21 ` [PATCH 4/13] Split the free lists for movable and unmovable allocations, Split the free lists for movable and unmovable allocations Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:21 ` [PATCH 5/13] Choose pages from the per cpu list-based on migration type, Choose pages from the per cpu list-based on migration type Mel Gorman
2009-07-13 19:16 ` [PATCH 5/13] " Andrew Morton
2009-07-14 9:14 ` Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:22 ` Mel Gorman [this message]
2007-09-10 19:44 ` Group short-lived and reclaimable kernel allocations Paul Jackson
2007-09-10 21:15 ` Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:22 ` [PATCH 7/13] Drain per-cpu lists when high-order allocations fail, Drain per-cpu lists when high-order allocations fail Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 15:05 ` [PATCH 7/13] " Nick Piggin
2007-09-11 9:34 ` Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:22 ` [PATCH 8/13] Move free pages between lists on steal, Move free pages between lists on steal Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:23 ` [PATCH 9/13] Do not group pages by mobility type on low memory systems, Do not group pages by mobility type on low memory systems Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:23 ` [PATCH 10/13] Bias the location of pages freed for min_free_kbytes in the same pageblock_nr_pages areas, Bias the location of pages freed for min_free_kbytes in the same pageblock_nr_pages areas Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:23 ` [PATCH 11/13] Bias the placement of kernel pages at lower pfns, Bias the placement of kernel pages at lower pfns Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:24 ` [PATCH 12/13] Be more agressive about stealing when MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE allocations fallback, Be more agressive about stealing when MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE allocations fallback Mel Gorman
2007-09-10 11:24 ` [PATCH 13/13] Print out statistics in relation to fragmentation avoidance to /proc/pagetypeinfo, Print out statistics in relation to fragmentation avoidance to /proc/pagetypeinfo Mel Gorman
2007-09-14 1:01 ` [PATCH 0/13] Reduce external fragmentation by grouping pages by mobility v30 Andrew Morton
2007-09-14 14:33 ` Mel Gorman
2007-09-16 10:34 ` Andrew Morton
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