[PATCH v4 0/5] mm: zone lock tracepoint instrumentation

[PATCH v4 0/5] mm: zone lock tracepoint instrumentation

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Zone lock contention can significantly impact allocation and
reclaim latency, as it is a central synchronization point in
the page allocator and reclaim paths. Improved visibility into
its behavior is therefore important for diagnosing performance
issues in memory-intensive workloads.

On some production workloads at Meta, we have observed noticeable
zone lock contention. Deeper analysis of lock holders and waiters
is currently difficult with existing instrumentation.

While generic lock contention_begin/contention_end tracepoints
cover the slow path, they do not provide sufficient visibility
into lock hold times. In particular, the lack of a release-side
event makes it difficult to identify long lock holders and
correlate them with waiters. As a result, distinguishing between
short bursts of contention and pathological long hold times
requires additional instrumentation.

This patch series adds dedicated tracepoint instrumentation to
zone lock, following the existing mmap_lock tracing model.

The goal is to enable detailed holder/waiter analysis and lock
hold time measurements without affecting the fast path when
tracing is disabled.

The series is structured as follows:

  1. Introduce zone lock wrappers.
  2. Mechanically convert zone lock users to the wrappers.
  3. Convert compaction to use the wrappers (requires minor
     restructuring of compact_lock_irqsave()).
  4. Rename zone->lock to zone->_lock.
  5. Add zone lock tracepoints.

The tracepoints are added via lightweight inline helpers in the
wrappers. When tracing is disabled, the fast path remains
unchanged.

Changes in v4:
- Fix build errors in kernel/power/snapshot.c and mm/shuffle.c files.
- Remove EXPORT_SYMBOL().
- Rename header zone_lock.h to mmzone_lock.h.
- Properly indent __acquires() annotation.

Changes in v3:
- Split compact_lock_irqsave() to compact_zone_lock_irqsave() and 
  compact_lruvec_lock_irqsave().
- Rename zone->lock to zone->_lock.

Changes in v2:
- Move mecanical changes from mm/compaction.c to different commit.
- Removed compact_do_zone_trylock() and compact_do_raw_trylock_irqsave().

v1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1770821420.git.d@ilvokhin.com/
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1772030186.git.d@ilvokhin.com/
v3: https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1772129168.git.d@ilvokhin.com/

Dmitry Ilvokhin (5):
  mm: introduce zone lock wrappers
  mm: convert zone lock users to wrappers
  mm: convert compaction to zone lock wrappers
  mm: rename zone->lock to zone->_lock
  mm: add tracepoints for zone lock

 MAINTAINERS                      |   2 +
 include/linux/mmzone.h           |   7 ++-
 include/linux/mmzone_lock.h      | 100 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/trace/events/zone_lock.h |  64 ++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/power/snapshot.c          |   5 +-
 mm/Makefile                      |   2 +-
 mm/compaction.c                  |  58 +++++++++++-------
 mm/internal.h                    |   2 +-
 mm/memory_hotplug.c              |   9 +--
 mm/mm_init.c                     |   3 +-
 mm/page_alloc.c                  |  89 +++++++++++++--------------
 mm/page_isolation.c              |  23 +++----
 mm/page_owner.c                  |   2 +-
 mm/page_reporting.c              |  13 ++--
 mm/show_mem.c                    |   5 +-
 mm/shuffle.c                     |   9 +--
 mm/vmscan.c                      |   5 +-
 mm/vmstat.c                      |   9 +--
 mm/zone_lock.c                   |  28 +++++++++
 19 files changed, 330 insertions(+), 105 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
 create mode 100644 include/trace/events/zone_lock.h
 create mode 100644 mm/zone_lock.c

-- 
2.47.3

[PATCH v4 1/5] mm: introduce zone lock wrappers

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Add thin wrappers around zone lock acquire/release operations. This
prepares the code for future tracepoint instrumentation without
modifying individual call sites.

Centralizing zone lock operations behind wrappers allows future
instrumentation or debugging hooks to be added without touching
all users.

No functional change intended. The wrappers are introduced in
preparation for subsequent patches and are not yet used.

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
---
 MAINTAINERS                 |  1 +
 include/linux/mmzone_lock.h | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 include/linux/mmzone_lock.h

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 55af015174a5..947298ecb111 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -16672,6 +16672,7 @@ F:	include/linux/memory.h
 F:	include/linux/mm.h
 F:	include/linux/mm_*.h
 F:	include/linux/mmzone.h
+F:	include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
 F:	include/linux/mmdebug.h
 F:	include/linux/mmu_notifier.h
 F:	include/linux/pagewalk.h
diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h b/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a1cfba8408d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#ifndef _LINUX_MMZONE_LOCK_H
+#define _LINUX_MMZONE_LOCK_H
+
+#include <linux/mmzone.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+
+static inline void zone_lock_init(struct zone *zone)
+{
+	spin_lock_init(&zone->lock);
+}
+
+#define zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags)				\
+do {								\
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&(zone)->lock, flags);		\
+} while (0)
+
+#define zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, flags)			\
+({								\
+	spin_trylock_irqsave(&(zone)->lock, flags);		\
+})
+
+static inline void zone_unlock_irqrestore(struct zone *zone, unsigned long flags)
+{
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+}
+
+static inline void zone_lock_irq(struct zone *zone)
+{
+	spin_lock_irq(&zone->lock);
+}
+
+static inline void zone_unlock_irq(struct zone *zone)
+{
+	spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lock);
+}
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_MMZONE_LOCK_H */
-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v4 1/5] mm: introduce zone lock wrappers

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 2/27/26 17:00, Dmitry Ilvokhin wrote:
> Add thin wrappers around zone lock acquire/release operations. This
> prepares the code for future tracepoint instrumentation without
> modifying individual call sites.
> 
> Centralizing zone lock operations behind wrappers allows future
> instrumentation or debugging hooks to be added without touching
> all users.
> 
> No functional change intended. The wrappers are introduced in
> preparation for subsequent patches and are not yet used.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
> ---

Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>

-- 
Cheers,

David

[PATCH v4 2/5] mm: convert zone lock users to wrappers

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Replace direct zone lock acquire/release operations with the
newly introduced wrappers.

The changes are purely mechanical substitutions. No functional change
intended. Locking semantics and ordering remain unchanged.

The compaction path is left unchanged for now and will be
handled separately in the following patch due to additional
non-trivial modifications.

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
---
 kernel/power/snapshot.c |  5 +--
 mm/compaction.c         | 25 +++++++-------
 mm/memory_hotplug.c     |  9 ++---
 mm/mm_init.c            |  3 +-
 mm/page_alloc.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 mm/page_isolation.c     | 19 ++++++-----
 mm/page_reporting.c     | 13 ++++----
 mm/show_mem.c           |  5 +--
 mm/shuffle.c            |  9 ++---
 mm/vmscan.c             |  5 +--
 mm/vmstat.c             |  9 ++---
 11 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/power/snapshot.c b/kernel/power/snapshot.c
index 6e1321837c66..7dcccf378cc2 100644
--- a/kernel/power/snapshot.c
+++ b/kernel/power/snapshot.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <linux/version.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include <linux/suspend.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
@@ -1251,7 +1252,7 @@ static void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
 	if (zone_is_empty(zone))
 		return;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 
 	max_zone_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
 	for_each_valid_pfn(pfn, zone->zone_start_pfn, max_zone_pfn) {
@@ -1284,7 +1285,7 @@ static void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
diff --git a/mm/compaction.c b/mm/compaction.c
index 1e8f8eca318c..fa0e332a8a92 100644
--- a/mm/compaction.c
+++ b/mm/compaction.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <linux/page_owner.h>
 #include <linux/psi.h>
 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
@@ -530,11 +531,14 @@ static bool compact_lock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
  * Returns true if compaction should abort due to fatal signal pending.
  * Returns false when compaction can continue.
  */
-static bool compact_unlock_should_abort(spinlock_t *lock,
-		unsigned long flags, bool *locked, struct compact_control *cc)
+
+static bool compact_unlock_should_abort(struct zone *zone,
+					unsigned long flags,
+					bool *locked,
+					struct compact_control *cc)
 {
 	if (*locked) {
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 		*locked = false;
 	}
 
@@ -582,9 +586,8 @@ static unsigned long isolate_freepages_block(struct compact_control *cc,
 		 * contention, to give chance to IRQs. Abort if fatal signal
 		 * pending.
 		 */
-		if (!(blockpfn % COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX)
-		    && compact_unlock_should_abort(&cc->zone->lock, flags,
-								&locked, cc))
+		if (!(blockpfn % COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX) &&
+		    compact_unlock_should_abort(cc->zone, flags, &locked, cc))
 			break;
 
 		nr_scanned++;
@@ -649,7 +652,7 @@ static unsigned long isolate_freepages_block(struct compact_control *cc,
 	}
 
 	if (locked)
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(cc->zone, flags);
 
 	/*
 	 * Be careful to not go outside of the pageblock.
@@ -1555,7 +1558,7 @@ static void fast_isolate_freepages(struct compact_control *cc)
 		if (!area->nr_free)
 			continue;
 
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(cc->zone, flags);
 		freelist = &area->free_list[MIGRATE_MOVABLE];
 		list_for_each_entry_reverse(freepage, freelist, buddy_list) {
 			unsigned long pfn;
@@ -1614,7 +1617,7 @@ static void fast_isolate_freepages(struct compact_control *cc)
 			}
 		}
 
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(cc->zone, flags);
 
 		/* Skip fast search if enough freepages isolated */
 		if (cc->nr_freepages >= cc->nr_migratepages)
@@ -1988,7 +1991,7 @@ static unsigned long fast_find_migrateblock(struct compact_control *cc)
 		if (!area->nr_free)
 			continue;
 
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(cc->zone, flags);
 		freelist = &area->free_list[MIGRATE_MOVABLE];
 		list_for_each_entry(freepage, freelist, buddy_list) {
 			unsigned long free_pfn;
@@ -2021,7 +2024,7 @@ static unsigned long fast_find_migrateblock(struct compact_control *cc)
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cc->zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(cc->zone, flags);
 	}
 
 	cc->total_migrate_scanned += nr_scanned;
diff --git a/mm/memory_hotplug.c b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
index bc805029da51..36564e2fcef8 100644
--- a/mm/memory_hotplug.c
+++ b/mm/memory_hotplug.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <linux/rmap.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/node.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 
@@ -1190,9 +1191,9 @@ int online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
 	 * Fixup the number of isolated pageblocks before marking the sections
 	 * onlining, such that undo_isolate_page_range() works correctly.
 	 */
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	zone->nr_isolate_pageblock += nr_pages / pageblock_nr_pages;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	/*
 	 * If this zone is not populated, then it is not in zonelist.
@@ -2041,9 +2042,9 @@ int offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
 	 * effectively stale; nobody should be touching them. Fixup the number
 	 * of isolated pageblocks, memory onlining will properly revert this.
 	 */
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	zone->nr_isolate_pageblock -= nr_pages / pageblock_nr_pages;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	lru_cache_enable();
 	zone_pcp_enable(zone);
diff --git a/mm/mm_init.c b/mm/mm_init.c
index 61d983d23f55..fe494514ce03 100644
--- a/mm/mm_init.c
+++ b/mm/mm_init.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <linux/vmstat.h>
 #include <linux/kexec_handover.h>
 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "slab.h"
 #include "shuffle.h"
@@ -1425,7 +1426,7 @@ static void __meminit zone_init_internals(struct zone *zone, enum zone_type idx,
 	zone_set_nid(zone, nid);
 	zone->name = zone_names[idx];
 	zone->zone_pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
-	spin_lock_init(&zone->lock);
+	zone_lock_init(zone);
 	zone_seqlock_init(zone);
 	zone_pcp_init(zone);
 }
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index fcc32737f451..bcc3fe0368fc 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
 #include <linux/cacheinfo.h>
 #include <linux/pgalloc_tag.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include <asm/div64.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 #include "shuffle.h"
@@ -1500,7 +1501,7 @@ static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
 	/* Ensure requested pindex is drained first. */
 	pindex = pindex - 1;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 
 	while (count > 0) {
 		struct list_head *list;
@@ -1533,7 +1534,7 @@ static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
 		} while (count > 0 && !list_empty(list));
 	}
 
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 }
 
 /* Split a multi-block free page into its individual pageblocks. */
@@ -1577,12 +1578,12 @@ static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	if (unlikely(fpi_flags & FPI_TRYLOCK)) {
-		if (!spin_trylock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags)) {
+		if (!zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, flags)) {
 			add_page_to_zone_llist(zone, page, order);
 			return;
 		}
 	} else {
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	}
 
 	/* The lock succeeded. Process deferred pages. */
@@ -1600,7 +1601,7 @@ static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 		}
 	}
 	split_large_buddy(zone, page, pfn, order, fpi_flags);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	__count_vm_events(PGFREE, 1 << order);
 }
@@ -2553,10 +2554,10 @@ static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
 	int i;
 
 	if (unlikely(alloc_flags & ALLOC_TRYLOCK)) {
-		if (!spin_trylock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags))
+		if (!zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, flags))
 			return 0;
 	} else {
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
 		struct page *page = __rmqueue(zone, order, migratetype,
@@ -2576,7 +2577,7 @@ static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
 		 */
 		list_add_tail(&page->pcp_list, list);
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	return i;
 }
@@ -3246,10 +3247,10 @@ struct page *rmqueue_buddy(struct zone *preferred_zone, struct zone *zone,
 	do {
 		page = NULL;
 		if (unlikely(alloc_flags & ALLOC_TRYLOCK)) {
-			if (!spin_trylock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags))
+			if (!zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, flags))
 				return NULL;
 		} else {
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+			zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 		}
 		if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HIGHATOMIC)
 			page = __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
@@ -3268,11 +3269,11 @@ struct page *rmqueue_buddy(struct zone *preferred_zone, struct zone *zone,
 				page = __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
 
 			if (!page) {
-				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+				zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 				return NULL;
 			}
 		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	} while (check_new_pages(page, order));
 
 	__count_zid_vm_events(PGALLOC, page_zonenum(page), 1 << order);
@@ -3459,7 +3460,7 @@ static void reserve_highatomic_pageblock(struct page *page, int order,
 	if (zone->nr_reserved_highatomic >= max_managed)
 		return;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 
 	/* Recheck the nr_reserved_highatomic limit under the lock */
 	if (zone->nr_reserved_highatomic >= max_managed)
@@ -3481,7 +3482,7 @@ static void reserve_highatomic_pageblock(struct page *page, int order,
 	}
 
 out_unlock:
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3514,7 +3515,7 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(const struct alloc_context *ac,
 					pageblock_nr_pages)
 			continue;
 
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 		for (order = 0; order < NR_PAGE_ORDERS; order++) {
 			struct free_area *area = &(zone->free_area[order]);
 			unsigned long size;
@@ -3562,11 +3563,11 @@ static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(const struct alloc_context *ac,
 			 */
 			WARN_ON_ONCE(ret == -1);
 			if (ret > 0) {
-				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+				zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 				return ret;
 			}
 		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	}
 
 	return false;
@@ -6446,7 +6447,7 @@ static void __setup_per_zone_wmarks(void)
 	for_each_zone(zone) {
 		u64 tmp;
 
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 		tmp = (u64)pages_min * zone_managed_pages(zone);
 		tmp = div64_ul(tmp, lowmem_pages);
 		if (is_highmem(zone) || zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE) {
@@ -6487,7 +6488,7 @@ static void __setup_per_zone_wmarks(void)
 		zone->_watermark[WMARK_PROMO] = high_wmark_pages(zone) + tmp;
 		trace_mm_setup_per_zone_wmarks(zone);
 
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	}
 
 	/* update totalreserve_pages */
@@ -7257,7 +7258,7 @@ struct page *alloc_contig_frozen_pages_noprof(unsigned long nr_pages,
 	zonelist = node_zonelist(nid, gfp_mask);
 	for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist,
 					gfp_zone(gfp_mask), nodemask) {
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 
 		pfn = ALIGN(zone->zone_start_pfn, nr_pages);
 		while (zone_spans_last_pfn(zone, pfn, nr_pages)) {
@@ -7271,18 +7272,18 @@ struct page *alloc_contig_frozen_pages_noprof(unsigned long nr_pages,
 				 * allocation spinning on this lock, it may
 				 * win the race and cause allocation to fail.
 				 */
-				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+				zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 				ret = alloc_contig_frozen_range_noprof(pfn,
 							pfn + nr_pages,
 							ACR_FLAGS_NONE,
 							gfp_mask);
 				if (!ret)
 					return pfn_to_page(pfn);
-				spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+				zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 			}
 			pfn += nr_pages;
 		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	}
 	/*
 	 * If we failed, retry the search, but treat regions with HugeTLB pages
@@ -7436,7 +7437,7 @@ unsigned long __offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
 
 	offline_mem_sections(pfn, end_pfn);
 	zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	while (pfn < end_pfn) {
 		page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
 		/*
@@ -7466,7 +7467,7 @@ unsigned long __offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
 		del_page_from_free_list(page, zone, order, MIGRATE_ISOLATE);
 		pfn += (1 << order);
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	return end_pfn - start_pfn - already_offline;
 }
@@ -7542,7 +7543,7 @@ bool take_page_off_buddy(struct page *page)
 	unsigned int order;
 	bool ret = false;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	for (order = 0; order < NR_PAGE_ORDERS; order++) {
 		struct page *page_head = page - (pfn & ((1 << order) - 1));
 		int page_order = buddy_order(page_head);
@@ -7563,7 +7564,7 @@ bool take_page_off_buddy(struct page *page)
 		if (page_count(page_head) > 0)
 			break;
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -7576,7 +7577,7 @@ bool put_page_back_buddy(struct page *page)
 	unsigned long flags;
 	bool ret = false;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
 		unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
 		int migratetype = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
@@ -7587,7 +7588,7 @@ bool put_page_back_buddy(struct page *page)
 			ret = true;
 		}
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -7636,7 +7637,7 @@ static void __accept_page(struct zone *zone, unsigned long *flags,
 	account_freepages(zone, -MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
 	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_UNACCEPTED, -MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
 	__ClearPageUnaccepted(page);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, *flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, *flags);
 
 	accept_memory(page_to_phys(page), PAGE_SIZE << MAX_PAGE_ORDER);
 
@@ -7648,9 +7649,9 @@ void accept_page(struct page *page)
 	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
 	unsigned long flags;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	if (!PageUnaccepted(page)) {
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -7663,11 +7664,11 @@ static bool try_to_accept_memory_one(struct zone *zone)
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct page *page;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	page = list_first_entry_or_null(&zone->unaccepted_pages,
 					struct page, lru);
 	if (!page) {
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -7724,12 +7725,12 @@ static bool __free_unaccepted(struct page *page)
 	if (!lazy_accept)
 		return false;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	list_add_tail(&page->lru, &zone->unaccepted_pages);
 	account_freepages(zone, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
 	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_UNACCEPTED, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
 	__SetPageUnaccepted(page);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	return true;
 }
diff --git a/mm/page_isolation.c b/mm/page_isolation.c
index c48ff5c00244..91a0836bf1b7 100644
--- a/mm/page_isolation.c
+++ b/mm/page_isolation.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
 #include <linux/page_owner.h>
 #include <linux/migrate.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page, enum pb_isolate_mode mode,
 	if (PageUnaccepted(page))
 		accept_page(page);
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 
 	/*
 	 * We assume the caller intended to SET migrate type to isolate.
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page, enum pb_isolate_mode mode,
 	 * set it before us.
 	 */
 	if (is_migrate_isolate_page(page)) {
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 
@@ -200,15 +201,15 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page, enum pb_isolate_mode mode,
 			mode);
 	if (!unmovable) {
 		if (!pageblock_isolate_and_move_free_pages(zone, page)) {
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+			zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 			return -EBUSY;
 		}
 		zone->nr_isolate_pageblock++;
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	if (mode == PB_ISOLATE_MODE_MEM_OFFLINE) {
 		/*
 		 * printk() with zone->lock held will likely trigger a
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ static void unset_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page)
 	struct page *buddy;
 
 	zone = page_zone(page);
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	if (!is_migrate_isolate_page(page))
 		goto out;
 
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ static void unset_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page)
 	}
 	zone->nr_isolate_pageblock--;
 out:
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 }
 
 static inline struct page *
@@ -641,9 +642,9 @@ int test_pages_isolated(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
 
 	/* Check all pages are free or marked as ISOLATED */
 	zone = page_zone(page);
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 	pfn = __test_page_isolated_in_pageblock(start_pfn, end_pfn, mode);
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 
 	ret = pfn < end_pfn ? -EBUSY : 0;
 
diff --git a/mm/page_reporting.c b/mm/page_reporting.c
index f0042d5743af..43976a9dce3f 100644
--- a/mm/page_reporting.c
+++ b/mm/page_reporting.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include <linux/page_reporting.h>
 #include <linux/gfp.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ page_reporting_cycle(struct page_reporting_dev_info *prdev, struct zone *zone,
 	if (list_empty(list))
 		return err;
 
-	spin_lock_irq(&zone->lock);
+	zone_lock_irq(zone);
 
 	/*
 	 * Limit how many calls we will be making to the page reporting
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ page_reporting_cycle(struct page_reporting_dev_info *prdev, struct zone *zone,
 			list_rotate_to_front(&page->lru, list);
 
 		/* release lock before waiting on report processing */
-		spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lock);
+		zone_unlock_irq(zone);
 
 		/* begin processing pages in local list */
 		err = prdev->report(prdev, sgl, PAGE_REPORTING_CAPACITY);
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ page_reporting_cycle(struct page_reporting_dev_info *prdev, struct zone *zone,
 		budget--;
 
 		/* reacquire zone lock and resume processing */
-		spin_lock_irq(&zone->lock);
+		zone_lock_irq(zone);
 
 		/* flush reported pages from the sg list */
 		page_reporting_drain(prdev, sgl, PAGE_REPORTING_CAPACITY, !err);
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ page_reporting_cycle(struct page_reporting_dev_info *prdev, struct zone *zone,
 	if (!list_entry_is_head(next, list, lru) && !list_is_first(&next->lru, list))
 		list_rotate_to_front(&next->lru, list);
 
-	spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lock);
+	zone_unlock_irq(zone);
 
 	return err;
 }
@@ -296,9 +297,9 @@ page_reporting_process_zone(struct page_reporting_dev_info *prdev,
 		err = prdev->report(prdev, sgl, leftover);
 
 		/* flush any remaining pages out from the last report */
-		spin_lock_irq(&zone->lock);
+		zone_lock_irq(zone);
 		page_reporting_drain(prdev, sgl, leftover, !err);
-		spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lock);
+		zone_unlock_irq(zone);
 	}
 
 	return err;
diff --git a/mm/show_mem.c b/mm/show_mem.c
index 24078ac3e6bc..d7d1b6cd6442 100644
--- a/mm/show_mem.c
+++ b/mm/show_mem.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include <linux/swap.h>
 #include <linux/vmstat.h>
 
@@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ static void show_free_areas(unsigned int filter, nodemask_t *nodemask, int max_z
 		show_node(zone);
 		printk(KERN_CONT "%s: ", zone->name);
 
-		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 		for (order = 0; order < NR_PAGE_ORDERS; order++) {
 			struct free_area *area = &zone->free_area[order];
 			int type;
@@ -377,7 +378,7 @@ static void show_free_areas(unsigned int filter, nodemask_t *nodemask, int max_z
 					types[order] |= 1 << type;
 			}
 		}
-		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+		zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 		for (order = 0; order < NR_PAGE_ORDERS; order++) {
 			printk(KERN_CONT "%lu*%lukB ",
 			       nr[order], K(1UL) << order);
diff --git a/mm/shuffle.c b/mm/shuffle.c
index fb1393b8b3a9..5f6ae3c52842 100644
--- a/mm/shuffle.c
+++ b/mm/shuffle.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 #include <linux/random.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include "internal.h"
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ void __meminit __shuffle_zone(struct zone *z)
 	const int order = SHUFFLE_ORDER;
 	const int order_pages = 1 << order;
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(z, flags);
 	start_pfn = ALIGN(start_pfn, order_pages);
 	for (i = start_pfn; i < end_pfn; i += order_pages) {
 		unsigned long j;
@@ -138,12 +139,12 @@ void __meminit __shuffle_zone(struct zone *z)
 
 		/* take it easy on the zone lock */
 		if ((i % (100 * order_pages)) == 0) {
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
+			zone_unlock_irqrestore(z, flags);
 			cond_resched();
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&z->lock, flags);
+			zone_lock_irqsave(z, flags);
 		}
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&z->lock, flags);
+	zone_unlock_irqrestore(z, flags);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index 0fc9373e8251..44c70e4400e2 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 #include <linux/random.h>
 #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
 #include <linux/parser.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 #include <asm/div64.h>
@@ -7139,9 +7140,9 @@ static int balance_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat, int order, int highest_zoneidx)
 
 			/* Increments are under the zone lock */
 			zone = pgdat->node_zones + i;
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+			zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 			zone->watermark_boost -= min(zone->watermark_boost, zone_boosts[i]);
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+			zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 		}
 
 		/*
diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c
index 86b14b0f77b5..6608bb489790 100644
--- a/mm/vmstat.c
+++ b/mm/vmstat.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
 #include <linux/page_owner.h>
 #include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
 
 #include "internal.h"
 
@@ -1535,10 +1536,10 @@ static void walk_zones_in_node(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
 			continue;
 
 		if (!nolock)
-			spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
+			zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags);
 		print(m, pgdat, zone);
 		if (!nolock)
-			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+			zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	}
 }
 #endif
@@ -1603,9 +1604,9 @@ static void pagetypeinfo_showfree_print(struct seq_file *m,
 				}
 			}
 			seq_printf(m, "%s%6lu ", overflow ? ">" : "", freecount);
-			spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lock);
+			zone_unlock_irq(zone);
 			cond_resched();
-			spin_lock_irq(&zone->lock);
+			zone_lock_irq(zone);
 		}
 		seq_putc(m, '\n');
 	}
-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v4 2/5] mm: convert zone lock users to wrappers

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 2/27/26 17:00, Dmitry Ilvokhin wrote:
> Replace direct zone lock acquire/release operations with the
> newly introduced wrappers.
> 
> The changes are purely mechanical substitutions. No functional change
> intended. Locking semantics and ordering remain unchanged.
> 
> The compaction path is left unchanged for now and will be
> handled separately in the following patch due to additional
> non-trivial modifications.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
> Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
> ---

[...]

>  #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
> @@ -530,11 +531,14 @@ static bool compact_lock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
>   * Returns true if compaction should abort due to fatal signal pending.
>   * Returns false when compaction can continue.
>   */
> -static bool compact_unlock_should_abort(spinlock_t *lock,
> -		unsigned long flags, bool *locked, struct compact_control *cc)
> +
> +static bool compact_unlock_should_abort(struct zone *zone,
> +					unsigned long flags,
> +					bool *locked,
> +					struct compact_control *cc)

We tend to use two-tabs on second parameter line; like the existing code
did.


Besides that

Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>

-- 
Cheers,

David

[PATCH v4 3/5] mm: convert compaction to zone lock wrappers

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Compaction uses compact_lock_irqsave(), which currently operates
on a raw spinlock_t pointer so it can be used for both zone->lock
and lruvec->lru_lock. Since zone lock operations are now wrapped,
compact_lock_irqsave() can no longer directly operate on a
spinlock_t when the lock belongs to a zone.

Split the helper into compact_zone_lock_irqsave() and
compact_lruvec_lock_irqsave(), duplicating the small amount of
shared logic. As there are only two call sites and both statically
know the lock type, this avoids introducing additional abstraction
or runtime dispatch in the compaction path.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
---
 mm/compaction.c | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/compaction.c b/mm/compaction.c
index fa0e332a8a92..c68fcc416fc7 100644
--- a/mm/compaction.c
+++ b/mm/compaction.c
@@ -503,19 +503,36 @@ static bool test_and_set_skip(struct compact_control *cc, struct page *page)
  *
  * Always returns true which makes it easier to track lock state in callers.
  */
-static bool compact_lock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
-						struct compact_control *cc)
-	__acquires(lock)
+static bool compact_zone_lock_irqsave(struct zone *zone,
+				      unsigned long *flags,
+				      struct compact_control *cc)
+	__acquires(&zone->lock)
 {
 	/* Track if the lock is contended in async mode */
 	if (cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC && !cc->contended) {
-		if (spin_trylock_irqsave(lock, *flags))
+		if (zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, *flags))
 			return true;
 
 		cc->contended = true;
 	}
 
-	spin_lock_irqsave(lock, *flags);
+	zone_lock_irqsave(zone, *flags);
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool compact_lruvec_lock_irqsave(struct lruvec *lruvec,
+					unsigned long *flags,
+					struct compact_control *cc)
+	__acquires(&lruvec->lru_lock)
+{
+	if (cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC && !cc->contended) {
+		if (spin_trylock_irqsave(&lruvec->lru_lock, *flags))
+			return true;
+
+		cc->contended = true;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&lruvec->lru_lock, *flags);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -531,7 +548,6 @@ static bool compact_lock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
  * Returns true if compaction should abort due to fatal signal pending.
  * Returns false when compaction can continue.
  */
-
 static bool compact_unlock_should_abort(struct zone *zone,
 					unsigned long flags,
 					bool *locked,
@@ -616,8 +632,7 @@ static unsigned long isolate_freepages_block(struct compact_control *cc,
 
 		/* If we already hold the lock, we can skip some rechecking. */
 		if (!locked) {
-			locked = compact_lock_irqsave(&cc->zone->lock,
-								&flags, cc);
+			locked = compact_zone_lock_irqsave(cc->zone, &flags, cc);
 
 			/* Recheck this is a buddy page under lock */
 			if (!PageBuddy(page))
@@ -1163,7 +1178,7 @@ isolate_migratepages_block(struct compact_control *cc, unsigned long low_pfn,
 			if (locked)
 				unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(locked, flags);
 
-			compact_lock_irqsave(&lruvec->lru_lock, &flags, cc);
+			compact_lruvec_lock_irqsave(lruvec, &flags, cc);
 			locked = lruvec;
 
 			lruvec_memcg_debug(lruvec, folio);
-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v4 3/5] mm: convert compaction to zone lock wrappers

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 2/27/26 17:00, Dmitry Ilvokhin wrote:
> Compaction uses compact_lock_irqsave(), which currently operates
> on a raw spinlock_t pointer so it can be used for both zone->lock
> and lruvec->lru_lock. Since zone lock operations are now wrapped,
> compact_lock_irqsave() can no longer directly operate on a
> spinlock_t when the lock belongs to a zone.
> 
> Split the helper into compact_zone_lock_irqsave() and
> compact_lruvec_lock_irqsave(), duplicating the small amount of
> shared logic. As there are only two call sites and both statically
> know the lock type, this avoids introducing additional abstraction
> or runtime dispatch in the compaction path.
> 
> No functional change intended.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
> ---
>  mm/compaction.c | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
>  1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/compaction.c b/mm/compaction.c
> index fa0e332a8a92..c68fcc416fc7 100644
> --- a/mm/compaction.c
> +++ b/mm/compaction.c
> @@ -503,19 +503,36 @@ static bool test_and_set_skip(struct compact_control *cc, struct page *page)
>   *
>   * Always returns true which makes it easier to track lock state in callers.
>   */
> -static bool compact_lock_irqsave(spinlock_t *lock, unsigned long *flags,
> -						struct compact_control *cc)
> -	__acquires(lock)
> +static bool compact_zone_lock_irqsave(struct zone *zone,
> +				      unsigned long *flags,
> +				      struct compact_control *cc)

... two tabs :)

Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>

-- 
Cheers,

David

[PATCH v4 4/5] mm: rename zone->lock to zone->_lock

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

This intentionally breaks direct users of zone->lock at compile time so
all call sites are converted to the zone lock wrappers. Without the
rename, present and future out-of-tree code could continue using
spin_lock(&zone->lock) and bypass the wrappers and tracing
infrastructure.

No functional change intended.

Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/mmzone.h      |  7 +++++--
 include/linux/mmzone_lock.h | 12 ++++++------
 mm/compaction.c             |  4 ++--
 mm/internal.h               |  2 +-
 mm/page_alloc.c             | 16 ++++++++--------
 mm/page_isolation.c         |  4 ++--
 mm/page_owner.c             |  2 +-
 7 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
index 3e51190a55e4..32bca655fce5 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -1009,8 +1009,11 @@ struct zone {
 	/* zone flags, see below */
 	unsigned long		flags;
 
-	/* Primarily protects free_area */
-	spinlock_t		lock;
+	/*
+	 * Primarily protects free_area. Should be accessed via zone_lock_*
+	 * helpers.
+	 */
+	spinlock_t		_lock;
 
 	/* Pages to be freed when next trylock succeeds */
 	struct llist_head	trylock_free_pages;
diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h b/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
index a1cfba8408d6..62e34d500078 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
@@ -7,32 +7,32 @@
 
 static inline void zone_lock_init(struct zone *zone)
 {
-	spin_lock_init(&zone->lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&zone->_lock);
 }
 
 #define zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags)				\
 do {								\
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&(zone)->lock, flags);		\
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);		\
 } while (0)
 
 #define zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, flags)			\
 ({								\
-	spin_trylock_irqsave(&(zone)->lock, flags);		\
+	spin_trylock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);		\
 })
 
 static inline void zone_unlock_irqrestore(struct zone *zone, unsigned long flags)
 {
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->_lock, flags);
 }
 
 static inline void zone_lock_irq(struct zone *zone)
 {
-	spin_lock_irq(&zone->lock);
+	spin_lock_irq(&zone->_lock);
 }
 
 static inline void zone_unlock_irq(struct zone *zone)
 {
-	spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lock);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&zone->_lock);
 }
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_MMZONE_LOCK_H */
diff --git a/mm/compaction.c b/mm/compaction.c
index c68fcc416fc7..ac2a259518b1 100644
--- a/mm/compaction.c
+++ b/mm/compaction.c
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ static bool test_and_set_skip(struct compact_control *cc, struct page *page)
 static bool compact_zone_lock_irqsave(struct zone *zone,
 				      unsigned long *flags,
 				      struct compact_control *cc)
-	__acquires(&zone->lock)
+	__acquires(&zone->_lock)
 {
 	/* Track if the lock is contended in async mode */
 	if (cc->mode == MIGRATE_ASYNC && !cc->contended) {
@@ -1402,7 +1402,7 @@ static bool suitable_migration_target(struct compact_control *cc,
 		int order = cc->order > 0 ? cc->order : pageblock_order;
 
 		/*
-		 * We are checking page_order without zone->lock taken. But
+		 * We are checking page_order without zone->_lock taken. But
 		 * the only small danger is that we skip a potentially suitable
 		 * pageblock, so it's not worth to check order for valid range.
 		 */
diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h
index cb0af847d7d9..6cb06e21ce15 100644
--- a/mm/internal.h
+++ b/mm/internal.h
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ static inline unsigned int buddy_order(struct page *page)
  * (d) a page and its buddy are in the same zone.
  *
  * For recording whether a page is in the buddy system, we set PageBuddy.
- * Setting, clearing, and testing PageBuddy is serialized by zone->lock.
+ * Setting, clearing, and testing PageBuddy is serialized by zone->_lock.
  *
  * For recording page's order, we use page_private(page).
  */
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index bcc3fe0368fc..0d078aef8ed6 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ compaction_capture(struct capture_control *capc, struct page *page,
 static inline void account_freepages(struct zone *zone, int nr_pages,
 				     int migratetype)
 {
-	lockdep_assert_held(&zone->lock);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&zone->_lock);
 
 	if (is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))
 		return;
@@ -2473,7 +2473,7 @@ enum rmqueue_mode {
 
 /*
  * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
- * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
+ * Call me with the zone->_lock already held.
  */
 static __always_inline struct page *
 __rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, int migratetype,
@@ -2501,7 +2501,7 @@ __rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, int migratetype,
 	 * fallbacks modes with increasing levels of fragmentation risk.
 	 *
 	 * The fallback logic is expensive and rmqueue_bulk() calls in
-	 * a loop with the zone->lock held, meaning the freelists are
+	 * a loop with the zone->_lock held, meaning the freelists are
 	 * not subject to any outside changes. Remember in *mode where
 	 * we found pay dirt, to save us the search on the next call.
 	 */
@@ -3203,7 +3203,7 @@ void __putback_isolated_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order, int mt)
 	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
 
 	/* zone lock should be held when this function is called */
-	lockdep_assert_held(&zone->lock);
+	lockdep_assert_held(&zone->_lock);
 
 	/* Return isolated page to tail of freelist. */
 	__free_one_page(page, page_to_pfn(page), zone, order, mt,
@@ -7086,7 +7086,7 @@ int alloc_contig_frozen_range_noprof(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 	 * pages.  Because of this, we reserve the bigger range and
 	 * once this is done free the pages we are not interested in.
 	 *
-	 * We don't have to hold zone->lock here because the pages are
+	 * We don't have to hold zone->_lock here because the pages are
 	 * isolated thus they won't get removed from buddy.
 	 */
 	outer_start = find_large_buddy(start);
@@ -7655,7 +7655,7 @@ void accept_page(struct page *page)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	/* Unlocks zone->lock */
+	/* Unlocks zone->_lock */
 	__accept_page(zone, &flags, page);
 }
 
@@ -7672,7 +7672,7 @@ static bool try_to_accept_memory_one(struct zone *zone)
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	/* Unlocks zone->lock */
+	/* Unlocks zone->_lock */
 	__accept_page(zone, &flags, page);
 
 	return true;
@@ -7813,7 +7813,7 @@ struct page *alloc_frozen_pages_nolock_noprof(gfp_t gfp_flags, int nid, unsigned
 
 	/*
 	 * Best effort allocation from percpu free list.
-	 * If it's empty attempt to spin_trylock zone->lock.
+	 * If it's empty attempt to spin_trylock zone->_lock.
 	 */
 	page = get_page_from_freelist(alloc_gfp, order, alloc_flags, &ac);
 
diff --git a/mm/page_isolation.c b/mm/page_isolation.c
index 91a0836bf1b7..cf731370e7a7 100644
--- a/mm/page_isolation.c
+++ b/mm/page_isolation.c
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ static int set_migratetype_isolate(struct page *page, enum pb_isolate_mode mode,
 	zone_unlock_irqrestore(zone, flags);
 	if (mode == PB_ISOLATE_MODE_MEM_OFFLINE) {
 		/*
-		 * printk() with zone->lock held will likely trigger a
+		 * printk() with zone->_lock held will likely trigger a
 		 * lockdep splat, so defer it here.
 		 */
 		dump_page(unmovable, "unmovable page");
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ void undo_isolate_page_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
 /*
  * Test all pages in the range is free(means isolated) or not.
  * all pages in [start_pfn...end_pfn) must be in the same zone.
- * zone->lock must be held before call this.
+ * zone->_lock must be held before call this.
  *
  * Returns the last tested pfn.
  */
diff --git a/mm/page_owner.c b/mm/page_owner.c
index 8178e0be557f..54a4ba63b14f 100644
--- a/mm/page_owner.c
+++ b/mm/page_owner.c
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ static void init_pages_in_zone(struct zone *zone)
 				continue;
 
 			/*
-			 * To avoid having to grab zone->lock, be a little
+			 * To avoid having to grab zone->_lock, be a little
 			 * careful when reading buddy page order. The only
 			 * danger is that we skip too much and potentially miss
 			 * some early allocated pages, which is better than
-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v4 4/5] mm: rename zone->lock to zone->_lock

[David Hildenbrand (Arm)]

On 2/27/26 17:00, Dmitry Ilvokhin wrote:
> This intentionally breaks direct users of zone->lock at compile time so
> all call sites are converted to the zone lock wrappers. Without the
> rename, present and future out-of-tree code could continue using
> spin_lock(&zone->lock) and bypass the wrappers and tracing
> infrastructure.
> 
> No functional change intended.
> 
> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
> Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
> ---

Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>

-- 
Cheers,

David

[PATCH v4 5/5] mm: add tracepoints for zone lock

[Dmitry Ilvokhin]

Add tracepoint instrumentation to zone lock acquire/release operations
via the previously introduced wrappers.

The implementation follows the mmap_lock tracepoint pattern: a
lightweight inline helper checks whether the tracepoint is enabled and
calls into an out-of-line helper when tracing is active. When
CONFIG_TRACING is disabled, helpers compile to empty inline stubs.

The fast path is unaffected when tracing is disabled.

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com>
Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
---
 MAINTAINERS                      |  1 +
 include/linux/mmzone_lock.h      | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 include/trace/events/zone_lock.h | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mm/Makefile                      |  2 +-
 mm/zone_lock.c                   | 28 ++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/trace/events/zone_lock.h
 create mode 100644 mm/zone_lock.c

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 947298ecb111..de39e87a4c46 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -16681,6 +16681,7 @@ F:	include/linux/pgtable.h
 F:	include/linux/ptdump.h
 F:	include/linux/vmpressure.h
 F:	include/linux/vmstat.h
+F:	include/trace/events/zone_lock.h
 F:	kernel/fork.c
 F:	mm/Kconfig
 F:	mm/debug.c
diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h b/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
index 62e34d500078..6bd8b026029f 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone_lock.h
@@ -4,6 +4,53 @@
 
 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/tracepoint-defs.h>
+
+DECLARE_TRACEPOINT(zone_lock_start_locking);
+DECLARE_TRACEPOINT(zone_lock_acquire_returned);
+DECLARE_TRACEPOINT(zone_lock_released);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
+
+void __zone_lock_do_trace_start_locking(struct zone *zone);
+void __zone_lock_do_trace_acquire_returned(struct zone *zone, bool success);
+void __zone_lock_do_trace_released(struct zone *zone);
+
+static inline void __zone_lock_trace_start_locking(struct zone *zone)
+{
+	if (tracepoint_enabled(zone_lock_start_locking))
+		__zone_lock_do_trace_start_locking(zone);
+}
+
+static inline void __zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(struct zone *zone,
+						      bool success)
+{
+	if (tracepoint_enabled(zone_lock_acquire_returned))
+		__zone_lock_do_trace_acquire_returned(zone, success);
+}
+
+static inline void __zone_lock_trace_released(struct zone *zone)
+{
+	if (tracepoint_enabled(zone_lock_released))
+		__zone_lock_do_trace_released(zone);
+}
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_TRACING */
+
+static inline void __zone_lock_trace_start_locking(struct zone *zone)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void __zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(struct zone *zone,
+						      bool success)
+{
+}
+
+static inline void __zone_lock_trace_released(struct zone *zone)
+{
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */
 
 static inline void zone_lock_init(struct zone *zone)
 {
@@ -12,26 +59,41 @@ static inline void zone_lock_init(struct zone *zone)
 
 #define zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags)				\
 do {								\
+	bool success = true;					\
+								\
+	__zone_lock_trace_start_locking(zone);			\
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);		\
+	__zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(zone, success);	\
 } while (0)
 
 #define zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, flags)			\
 ({								\
-	spin_trylock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);		\
+	bool success;						\
+								\
+	__zone_lock_trace_start_locking(zone);			\
+	success = spin_trylock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);	\
+	__zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(zone, success);	\
+	success;						\
 })
 
 static inline void zone_unlock_irqrestore(struct zone *zone, unsigned long flags)
 {
+	__zone_lock_trace_released(zone);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->_lock, flags);
 }
 
 static inline void zone_lock_irq(struct zone *zone)
 {
+	bool success = true;
+
+	__zone_lock_trace_start_locking(zone);
 	spin_lock_irq(&zone->_lock);
+	__zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(zone, success);
 }
 
 static inline void zone_unlock_irq(struct zone *zone)
 {
+	__zone_lock_trace_released(zone);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&zone->_lock);
 }
 
diff --git a/include/trace/events/zone_lock.h b/include/trace/events/zone_lock.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3df82a8c0160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/trace/events/zone_lock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM zone_lock
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_ZONE_LOCK_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_ZONE_LOCK_H
+
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+struct zone;
+
+DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(zone_lock,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct zone *zone),
+
+	TP_ARGS(zone),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(struct zone *, zone)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->zone = zone;
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("zone=%p", __entry->zone)
+);
+
+#define DEFINE_ZONE_LOCK_EVENT(name)			\
+	DEFINE_EVENT(zone_lock, name,			\
+		TP_PROTO(struct zone *zone),		\
+		TP_ARGS(zone))
+
+DEFINE_ZONE_LOCK_EVENT(zone_lock_start_locking);
+DEFINE_ZONE_LOCK_EVENT(zone_lock_released);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(zone_lock_acquire_returned,
+
+	TP_PROTO(struct zone *zone, bool success),
+
+	TP_ARGS(zone, success),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(struct zone *, zone)
+		__field(bool, success)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->zone = zone;
+		__entry->success = success;
+	),
+
+	TP_printk(
+		"zone=%p success=%s",
+		__entry->zone,
+		__entry->success ? "true" : "false"
+	)
+);
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_ZONE_LOCK_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
index 8ad2ab08244e..ffd06cf7a04e 100644
--- a/mm/Makefile
+++ b/mm/Makefile
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ obj-y			:= filemap.o mempool.o oom_kill.o fadvise.o \
 			   mm_init.o percpu.o slab_common.o \
 			   compaction.o show_mem.o \
 			   interval_tree.o list_lru.o workingset.o \
-			   debug.o gup.o mmap_lock.o vma_init.o $(mmu-y)
+			   debug.o gup.o mmap_lock.o zone_lock.o vma_init.o $(mmu-y)
 
 # Give 'page_alloc' its own module-parameter namespace
 page-alloc-y := page_alloc.o
diff --git a/mm/zone_lock.c b/mm/zone_lock.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f4e32220af9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/zone_lock.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/zone_lock.h>
+
+#include <linux/mmzone_lock.h>
+
+EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL(zone_lock_start_locking);
+EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL(zone_lock_acquire_returned);
+EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL(zone_lock_released);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
+
+void __zone_lock_do_trace_start_locking(struct zone *zone)
+{
+	trace_zone_lock_start_locking(zone);
+}
+
+void __zone_lock_do_trace_acquire_returned(struct zone *zone, bool success)
+{
+	trace_zone_lock_acquire_returned(zone, success);
+}
+
+void __zone_lock_do_trace_released(struct zone *zone)
+{
+	trace_zone_lock_released(zone);
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */
-- 
2.47.3

Re: [PATCH v4 5/5] mm: add tracepoints for zone lock

[Steven Rostedt]

On Fri, 27 Feb 2026 16:00:27 +0000
Dmitry Ilvokhin <d@ilvokhin.com> wrote:

>  static inline void zone_lock_init(struct zone *zone)
>  {
> @@ -12,26 +59,41 @@ static inline void zone_lock_init(struct zone *zone)
>  
>  #define zone_lock_irqsave(zone, flags)				\
>  do {								\
> +	bool success = true;					\
> +								\
> +	__zone_lock_trace_start_locking(zone);			\
>  	spin_lock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);		\
> +	__zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(zone, success);	\

Why the "success" variable and not just:

	__zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(zone, true);

 ?


>  } while (0)
>  
>  #define zone_trylock_irqsave(zone, flags)			\
>  ({								\
> -	spin_trylock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);		\
> +	bool success;						\
> +								\
> +	__zone_lock_trace_start_locking(zone);			\
> +	success = spin_trylock_irqsave(&(zone)->_lock, flags);	\
> +	__zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(zone, success);	\
> +	success;						\
>  })
>  
>  static inline void zone_unlock_irqrestore(struct zone *zone, unsigned long flags)
>  {
> +	__zone_lock_trace_released(zone);
>  	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->_lock, flags);
>  }
>  
>  static inline void zone_lock_irq(struct zone *zone)
>  {
> +	bool success = true;
> +
> +	__zone_lock_trace_start_locking(zone);
>  	spin_lock_irq(&zone->_lock);
> +	__zone_lock_trace_acquire_returned(zone, success);

Same here.

>  }
>  
>  static inline void zone_unlock_irq(struct zone *zone)
>  {
> +	__zone_lock_trace_released(zone);
>  	spin_unlock_irq(&zone->_lock);
>  }
>

-- Steve