* [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
@ 2025-12-06 19:15 Andrew Morton
2025-12-06 23:33 ` pr-tracker-bot
2025-12-06 23:40 ` Linus Torvalds
0 siblings, 2 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: Andrew Morton @ 2025-12-06 19:15 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Linus Torvalds; +Cc: linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
Linus, please merge this batch of non-MM updates for the upcoming -rc
cycle. I'll have a second much smaller batch next week.
Thanks.
Conflicts which I'm presently seeing and their linux-next resolutions
are as follows:
tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/gro.c
tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/hw/toeplitz.c, vs net-next tree:
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251124125006.3953f1d5@canb.auug.org.au
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251126103039.222a1589@canb.auug.org.au
tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/include/vfio_util.h, vs vfio tree:
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251201103154.32226085@canb.auug.org.au
tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_device.c, vs vfio tree:
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251201103154.32226085@canb.auug.org.au
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251201101046.009b0919@canb.auug.org.au
tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_driver.c, vs vfio tree:
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251201101312.4dfd2b19@canb.auug.org.au
tools/testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_iommufd_setup_test.c, vs vfio tree:
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251201101549.5792d6df@canb.auug.org.au
The following changes since commit 7c9580f44f90f7a4c11fc7831efe323ebe446091:
mm/filemap: fix logic around SIGBUS in filemap_map_pages() (2025-11-24 14:25:18 -0800)
are available in the Git repository at:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm tags/mm-nonmm-stable-2025-12-06-11-14
for you to fetch changes up to aa514a297a0c175239f24a2e582ebd37f0727494:
calibrate: update header inclusion (2025-11-27 14:24:45 -0800)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Significant patch series in this pull request:
- The 6 patch series "panic: sys_info: Refactor and fix a potential
issue" from Andy Shevchenko fixes a build issue and does some cleanup in
ib/sys_info.c.
- The 9 patch series "Implement mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()" from
David Laight enhances the 64-bit math code on behalf of a PWM driver and
beefs up the test module for these library functions.
- The 2 patch series "scripts/gdb/symbols: make BPF debug info available
to GDB" from Ilya Leoshkevich makes BPF symbol names, sizes, and line
numbers available to the GDB debugger.
- The 4 patch series "Enable hung_task and lockup cases to dump system
info on demand" from Feng Tang adds a sysctl which can be used to cause
additional info dumping when the hung-task and lockup detectors fire.
- The 6 patch series "lib/base64: add generic encoder/decoder, migrate
users" from Kuan-Wei Chiu adds a general base64 encoder/decoder to lib/
and migrates several users away from their private implementations.
- The 2 patch series "rbree: inline rb_first() and rb_last()" from Eric
Dumazet makes TCP a little faster.
- The 9 patch series "liveupdate: Rework KHO for in-kernel users" from
Pasha Tatashin reworks the KEXEC Handover interfaces in preparation for
Live Update Orchestrator (LUO), and possibly for other future clients.
- The 13 patch series "kho: simplify state machine and enable dynamic
updates" from Pasha Tatashin increases the flexibility of KEXEC
Handover. Also preparation for LUO.
- The 18 patch series "Live Update Orchestrator" from Pasha Tatashin is
a major new feature targeted at cloud environments. Quoting the [0/N]:
This series introduces the Live Update Orchestrator, a kernel subsystem
designed to facilitate live kernel updates using a kexec-based reboot.
This capability is critical for cloud environments, allowing hypervisors
to be updated with minimal downtime for running virtual machines. LUO
achieves this by preserving the state of selected resources, such as
memory, devices and their dependencies, across the kernel transition.
As a key feature, this series includes support for preserving memfd file
descriptors, which allows critical in-memory data, such as guest RAM or
any other large memory region, to be maintained in RAM across the kexec
reboot.
Mike Rappaport merits a mention here, for his extensive review and
testing work.
- The 3 patch series "kexec: reorganize kexec and kdump sysfs" from
Sourabh Jain moves the kexec and kdump sysfs entries from /sys/kernel/
to /sys/kernel/kexec/ and adds back-compatibility symlinks which can
hopefully be removed one day.
- The 2 patch series "kho: fixes for vmalloc restoration" from Mike
Rapoport fixes a BUG which was being hit during KHO restoration of
vmalloc() regions.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Ahmet Eray Karadag (1):
ocfs2: mark inode bad upon validation failure during read
Alice Ryhl (1):
uaccess: gate _copy_[to|from]_user on !INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER
Andrew Morton (1):
Merge branch 'mm-hotfixes-stable' into mm-nonmm-stable in order to be able to merge "kho: make debugfs interface optional" into mm-nonmm-stable.
Andy Shevchenko (9):
panic: sys_info: capture si_bits_global before iterating over it
panic: sys_info: align constant definition names with parameters
panic: sys_info:replace struct sys_info_name with plain array of strings
panic: sys_info: rewrite a fix for a compilation error (`make W=1`)
panic: sys_info: deduplicate local variable 'table; assignments
panic: sys_info: factor out read and write handlers
util_macros.h: fix kernel-doc for u64_to_user_ptr()
math.h: amend abs() kernel-doc and add a note about signed type limits
calibrate: update header inclusion
Ankan Biswas (1):
lib/xz: remove dead IA-64 (Itanium) support code
Bala-Vignesh-Reddy (1):
selftests: complete kselftest include centralization
Borislav Petkov (AMD) (1):
lib/Kconfig.debug: cleanup CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH help text
Breno Leitao (1):
vmcoreinfo: track and log recoverable hardware errors
Carlos López (1):
checkpatch: add IDR to the deprecated list
Chia-Liang Wang (1):
lib: ratelimit: fix spelling mistake 'seperately'
Christoph Hellwig (1):
kernel/hung_task: unexport sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs
David Laight (9):
lib: mul_u64_u64_div_u64(): rename parameter 'c' to 'd'
lib: mul_u64_u64_div_u64(): combine overflow and divide by zero checks
lib: mul_u64_u64_div_u64(): simplify check for a 64bit product
lib: add mul_u64_add_u64_div_u64() and mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()
lib: add tests for mul_u64_u64_div_u64_roundup()
lib: test_mul_u64_u64_div_u64(): test both generic and arch versions
lib: mul_u64_u64_div_u64(): optimise multiply on 32bit x86
lib: mul_u64_u64_div_u64(): optimise the divide code
lib: test_mul_u64_u64_div_u64(): test the 32bit code on 64bit
Deepanshu Kartikey (1):
ocfs2: validate cl_bpc in allocator inodes to prevent divide-by-zero
Dmitry Antipov (8):
ocfs2: add extra flags check in ocfs2_ioctl_move_extents()
ocfs2: relax BUG() to ocfs2_error() in __ocfs2_move_extent()
ocfs2: annotate flexible array members with __counted_by_le()
ocfs2: add extra consistency check to ocfs2_dx_dir_lookup_rec()
ocfs2: add directory size check to ocfs2_find_dir_space_id()
ocfs2: add boundary check to ocfs2_check_dir_entry()
ocfs2: add inline inode consistency check to ocfs2_validate_inode_block()
ocfs2: add extra consistency checks for chain allocator dinodes
Douglas Anderson (1):
init/main.c: wrap long kernel cmdline when printing to logs
Dr. David Alan Gilbert (1):
lib/xxhash: remove more unused xxh functions
Eric Dumazet (2):
rbtree: inline rb_first()
rbtree: inline rb_last()
Feng Tang (4):
docs: panic: correct some sys_ifo names in sysctl doc
hung_task: add hung_task_sys_info sysctl to dump sys info on task-hung
watchdog: add sys_info sysctls to dump sys info on system lockup
sys_info: add a default kernel sys_info mask
Guan-Chun Wu (4):
lib/base64: rework encode/decode for speed and stricter validation
lib: add KUnit tests for base64 encoding/decoding
fscrypt: replace local base64url helpers with lib/base64
ceph: replace local base64 helpers with lib/base64
Gustavo Padovan (1):
MAINTAINERS: remove Gustavo from sync framework
Hao Ge (1):
mailmap: add entry for Hao Ge
Ilias Stamatis (1):
Reinstate "resource: avoid unnecessary lookups in find_next_iomem_res()"
Ilya Leoshkevich (2):
scripts/gdb/radix-tree: add lx-radix-tree-command
scripts/gdb/symbols: make BPF debug info available to GDB
Jarkko Sakkinen (1):
MAINTAINERS: TPM DEVICE DRIVER: update the W-tag
Joseph Qi (2):
ocfs2: use correct endian in ocfs2_dinode_has_extents
ocfs2: convert to host endian in ocfs2_validate_inode_block
Justinien Bouron (1):
kexec_core: remove superfluous page offset handling in segment loading
Kuan-Wei Chiu (3):
Revert "lib/plist.c: enforce memory ordering in plist_check_list"
lib/base64: add support for multiple variants
lib/base64: optimize base64_decode() with reverse lookup tables
Lance Yang (1):
MAINTAINERS: add Petr as a reviewer of hung task detector
Li RongQing (1):
hung_task: panic when there are more than N hung tasks at the same time
Lukas Bulwahn (1):
treewide: drop outdated compiler version remarks in Kconfig help texts
Martin Kepplinger-Novaković (3):
mailmap: update name and email addresses
CREDITS: update Martin's information
MAINTAINERS: apply name and email address changes for Martin
Mateusz Guzik (1):
fork: stop ignoring NUMA while handling cached thread stacks
Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) (3):
kho: drop notifiers
kho: kho_restore_vmalloc: fix initialization of pages array
kho: fix restoring of contiguous ranges of order-0 pages
Oleg Nesterov (1):
release_task: kill unnecessary rcu_read_lock() around dec_rlimit_ucounts()
Onur Özkan (2):
checkpatch: detect unhandled placeholders in cover letters
checkpatch: document new check PLACEHOLDER_USE
Pasha Tatashin (32):
kho: make debugfs interface optional
kho: add interfaces to unpreserve folios, page ranges, and vmalloc
memblock: unpreserve memory in case of error
test_kho: unpreserve memory in case of error
kho: don't unpreserve memory during abort
liveupdate: kho: move to kernel/liveupdate
MAINTAINERS: update KHO maintainers
kho: fix misleading log message in kho_populate()
kho: convert __kho_abort() to return void
kho: introduce high-level memory allocation API
kho: preserve FDT folio only once during initialization
kho: verify deserialization status and fix FDT alignment access
kho: always expose output FDT in debugfs
kho: simplify serialization and remove __kho_abort
kho: remove global preserved_mem_map and store state in FDT
kho: remove abort functionality and support state refresh
kho: update FDT dynamically for subtree addition/removal
kho: allow kexec load before KHO finalization
kho: allow memory preservation state updates after finalization
kho: add Kconfig option to enable KHO by default
liveupdate: luo_core: Live Update Orchestrator
liveupdate: luo_core: integrate with KHO
kexec: call liveupdate_reboot() before kexec
liveupdate: luo_session: add sessions support
liveupdate: luo_core: add user interface
liveupdate: luo_file: implement file systems callbacks
liveupdate: luo_session: add ioctls for file preservation
docs: add luo documentation
MAINTAINERS: add liveupdate entry
selftests/liveupdate: add userspace API selftests
selftests/liveupdate: add simple kexec-based selftest for LUO
selftests/liveupdate: add kexec test for multiple and empty sessions
Petr Pavlu (1):
taint/module: remove unnecessary taint_flag.module field
Pratyush Yadav (9):
MAINTAINERS: add Pratyush as a reviewer for KHO
mm: shmem: use SHMEM_F_* flags instead of VM_* flags
mm: shmem: allow freezing inode mapping
mm: shmem: export some functions to internal.h
liveupdate: luo_file: add private argument to store runtime state
mm: memfd_luo: allow preserving memfd
docs: add documentation for memfd preservation via LUO
kho: free chunks using free_page() instead of kfree()
test_kho: always print restore status
Ran Xiaokai (1):
KHO: fix boot failure due to kmemleak access to non-PRESENT pages
Randy Dunlap (1):
taint: add reminder about updating docs and scripts
Ryusuke Konishi (1):
MAINTAINERS: update nilfs2 entry
Sourabh Jain (6):
crash: let architecture decide crash memory export to iomem_resource
Documentation/ABI: add kexec and kdump sysfs interface
crash: export crashkernel CMA reservation to userspace
kexec: move sysfs entries to /sys/kernel/kexec
Documentation/ABI: mark old kexec sysfs deprecated
Documentation/ABI: new kexec and kdump sysfs interface
Thomas Weißschuh (1):
compiler.h: remove ARCH_SEL()
Thorsten Blum (4):
nilfs2: replace vmalloc + copy_from_user with vmemdup_user
ocfs2: replace deprecated strcpy in ocfs2_create_xattr_block
ocfs2: replace deprecated strcpy with strscpy
init: replace simple_strtoul with kstrtoul to improve lpj_setup
Vlad Kulikov (1):
ipc: create_ipc_ns: drop mqueue mount on sysctl setup failure
WangYuli (1):
.mailmap: add entry for WangYuli
Xie Yuanbin (1):
include/linux/once_lite.h: fix judgment in WARN_ONCE with clang
Ye Bin (1):
dynamic_debug: add support for print stack
Yu-Chun Lin (1):
mailmap: add entry for Yu-Chun Lin
Yury Norov (NVIDIA) (1):
uaccess: decouple INLINE_COPY_FROM_USER and CONFIG_RUST
Zhichi Lin (1):
scs: fix a wrong parameter in __scs_magic
Zhou Yuhang (1):
samples: fix coding style issues in Kconfig
Zhu Yanjun (1):
liveupdate: kho: use %pe format specifier for error pointer printing
zhang jiao (1):
fs/proc/page: remove unused KPMBITS
.mailmap | 9 +-
CREDITS | 9 +-
.../ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-kexec-kdump | 71 ++
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-kexec-kdump | 61 ++
Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst | 5 +-
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 20 +-
Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst | 32 +-
Documentation/core-api/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/core-api/kho/concepts.rst | 2 +-
Documentation/core-api/liveupdate.rst | 61 ++
Documentation/dev-tools/checkpatch.rst | 10 +
Documentation/driver-api/hw-recoverable-errors.rst | 60 ++
Documentation/driver-api/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/mm/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/mm/memfd_preservation.rst | 23 +
Documentation/userspace-api/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/userspace-api/ioctl/ioctl-number.rst | 2 +
Documentation/userspace-api/liveupdate.rst | 20 +
MAINTAINERS | 34 +-
arch/Kconfig | 19 +-
arch/arm/Kconfig | 2 -
arch/arm/configs/aspeed_g5_defconfig | 2 +-
arch/powerpc/include/asm/crash_reserve.h | 8 +
arch/x86/include/asm/div64.h | 39 +-
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c | 4 +
drivers/acpi/apei/ghes.c | 36 +
drivers/nvme/common/auth.c | 4 +-
drivers/pci/pcie/aer.c | 2 +
fs/ceph/crypto.c | 60 +-
fs/ceph/crypto.h | 6 +-
fs/ceph/dir.c | 5 +-
fs/ceph/inode.c | 2 +-
fs/crypto/fname.c | 89 +--
fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c | 35 +-
fs/ocfs2/dir.c | 42 +-
fs/ocfs2/inode.c | 49 +-
fs/ocfs2/move_extents.c | 14 +-
fs/ocfs2/ocfs2_fs.h | 22 +-
fs/ocfs2/refcounttree.c | 5 +-
fs/ocfs2/xattr.c | 2 +-
fs/proc/page.c | 1 -
include/linux/base64.h | 10 +-
include/linux/compiler.h | 6 -
include/linux/crash_reserve.h | 6 +
include/linux/dynamic_debug.h | 17 +-
include/linux/kexec_handover.h | 57 +-
include/linux/kho/abi/luo.h | 166 ++++
include/linux/kho/abi/memfd.h | 77 ++
include/linux/liveupdate.h | 138 ++++
include/linux/math.h | 13 +-
include/linux/math64.h | 59 +-
include/linux/once_lite.h | 2 +-
include/linux/panic.h | 1 -
include/linux/rbtree.h | 32 +-
include/linux/shmem_fs.h | 23 +
include/linux/sys_info.h | 2 +-
include/linux/uaccess.h | 6 +-
include/linux/util_macros.h | 4 +-
include/linux/vmcore_info.h | 8 +
include/linux/xxhash.h | 46 +-
include/uapi/linux/liveupdate.h | 216 +++++
include/uapi/linux/vmcore.h | 9 +
init/Kconfig | 20 +
init/calibrate.c | 13 +-
init/main.c | 97 ++-
ipc/namespace.c | 9 +-
kernel/Kconfig.kexec | 24 -
kernel/Makefile | 3 +-
kernel/configs/debug.config | 2 +-
kernel/crash_reserve.c | 3 +
kernel/exit.c | 4 +-
kernel/fork.c | 63 +-
kernel/hung_task.c | 56 +-
kernel/kexec_core.c | 161 +++-
kernel/kexec_handover_internal.h | 20 -
kernel/ksysfs.c | 68 +-
kernel/liveupdate/Kconfig | 75 ++
kernel/liveupdate/Makefile | 12 +
kernel/{ => liveupdate}/kexec_handover.c | 716 ++++++++---------
kernel/{ => liveupdate}/kexec_handover_debug.c | 0
kernel/liveupdate/kexec_handover_debugfs.c | 221 +++++
kernel/liveupdate/kexec_handover_internal.h | 55 ++
kernel/liveupdate/luo_core.c | 450 +++++++++++
kernel/liveupdate/luo_file.c | 889 +++++++++++++++++++++
kernel/liveupdate/luo_internal.h | 110 +++
kernel/liveupdate/luo_session.c | 646 +++++++++++++++
kernel/module/main.c | 2 +-
kernel/panic.c | 52 +-
kernel/resource.c | 10 +-
kernel/scs.c | 2 +-
kernel/vmcore_info.c | 17 +
kernel/watchdog.c | 44 +-
lib/Kconfig.debug | 63 +-
lib/base64.c | 189 +++--
lib/dynamic_debug.c | 1 +
lib/math/div64.c | 185 +++--
lib/math/test_mul_u64_u64_div_u64.c | 191 +++--
lib/plist.c | 4 +-
lib/ratelimit.c | 2 +-
lib/rbtree.c | 29 -
lib/sys_info.c | 169 ++--
lib/test_kho.c | 140 ++--
lib/tests/Makefile | 1 +
lib/tests/base64_kunit.c | 294 +++++++
lib/usercopy.c | 4 +-
lib/xxhash.c | 29 -
lib/xz/xz_dec_bcj.c | 95 ---
lib/xz/xz_private.h | 4 -
mm/Makefile | 1 +
mm/internal.h | 6 +
mm/memblock.c | 93 ++-
mm/memfd_luo.c | 516 ++++++++++++
mm/shmem.c | 49 +-
rust/helpers/rbtree.c | 10 +
rust/helpers/uaccess.c | 12 +
samples/Kconfig | 22 +-
samples/vfs/Makefile | 1 +
scripts/checkpatch.pl | 11 +
scripts/gdb/linux/bpf.py | 253 ++++++
scripts/gdb/linux/constants.py.in | 3 +
scripts/gdb/linux/radixtree.py | 139 +++-
scripts/gdb/linux/symbols.py | 105 ++-
tools/testing/selftests/Makefile | 1 +
tools/testing/selftests/acct/acct_syscall.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/alsa/conf.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/alsa/mixer-test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/alsa/pcm-test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/alsa/test-pcmtest-driver.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/alsa/utimer-test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/abi/hwcap.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/abi/ptrace.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/abi/syscall-abi.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/fp-ptrace.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/fp-stress.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/sve-probe-vls.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/sve-ptrace.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/vec-syscfg.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/za-ptrace.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/fp/zt-ptrace.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/gcs/gcs-stress.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/pauth/pac.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/arm64/tags/tags_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/bpf/xskxceiver.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/breakpoints/breakpoint_test.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/breakpoints/breakpoint_test_arm64.c | 2 +-
.../breakpoints/step_after_suspend_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cachestat/test_cachestat.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/capabilities/test_execve.c | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/capabilities/validate_cap.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_core.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_cpu.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_cpuset.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_freezer.c | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/cgroup/test_hugetlb_memcg.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_kill.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_kmem.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_memcontrol.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_pids.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3.c | 2 +-
.../clone3/clone3_cap_checkpoint_restore.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/clone3/clone3_clear_sighand.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_selftests.h | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/clone3/clone3_set_tid.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/connector/proc_filter.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/core/close_range_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/core/unshare_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/coredump/stackdump_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/dmabuf-heaps/dmabuf-heap.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/drivers/dma-buf/udmabuf.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/drivers/ntsync/ntsync.c | 2 +-
.../drivers/s390x/uvdevice/test_uvdevice.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/exec/check-exec.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/exec/execveat.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/exec/load_address.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/exec/non-regular.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/exec/null-argv.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/exec/recursion-depth.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/fchmodat2/fchmodat2_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/filelock/ofdlocks.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/filesystems/anon_inode_test.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/filesystems/binderfs/binderfs_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/devpts_pts.c | 2 +-
.../filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/filesystems/eventfd/eventfd_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fclog.c | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/filesystems/file_stressor.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/filesystems/fuse/fusectl_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/kernfs_test.c | 2 +-
.../filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c | 2 +-
.../mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/filesystems/nsfs/iterate_mntns.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/dev_in_maps.c | 2 +-
.../filesystems/overlayfs/set_layers_via_fds.c | 2 +-
.../filesystems/statmount/listmount_test.c | 2 +-
.../filesystems/statmount/statmount_test.c | 2 +-
.../filesystems/statmount/statmount_test_ns.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/utils.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/futex/functional/futex_numa_mpol.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/futex/functional/futex_priv_hash.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/futex/functional/futex_requeue.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/mm/soft-dirty.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/split_huge_page_test.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/thuge-gen.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/transhuge-stress.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/uffd-common.h | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/uffd-wp-mremap.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/va_high_addr_switch.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/virtual_address_range.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h | 2 +-
.../selftests/mount_setattr/mount_setattr_test.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/mqueue/mq_open_tests.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/namespaces/init_ino_test.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/net/proc_net_pktgen.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/net/psock_fanout.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/net/reuseport_bpf.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/net/rxtimestamp.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/net/socket.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/net/tap.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/net/tcp_ao/lib/setup.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/net/toeplitz.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/pidfd/pidfd_xattr_test.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/prctl/set-anon-vma-name-test.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/proc/proc-pid-vm.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/proc/proc-pidns.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/get_set_sud.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/get_syscall_info.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/set_syscall_info.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/ptrace/vmaccess.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/resctrl/resctrl.h | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/ring-buffer/map_test.c | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/riscv/abi/pointer_masking.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/riscv/hwprobe/cbo.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/rseq/rseq.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/sparc64/drivers/adi-test.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/timers/change_skew.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/timers/raw_skew.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/timers/rtcpie.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/timers/set-2038.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/timers/set-timer-lat.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/timers/set-tz.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/timers/skew_consistency.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/timers/threadtest.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/timers/valid-adjtimex.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/tmpfs/bug-link-o-tmpfile.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/tty/tty_tstamp_update.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/uevent/uevent_filtering.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/user_events/abi_test.c | 2 +-
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tools/testing/selftests/vDSO/vdso_test_getcpu.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/vDSO/vdso_test_getrandom.c | 2 +-
.../selftests/vDSO/vdso_test_gettimeofday.c | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/vfio/lib/include/vfio_util.h | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/vfio/lib/vfio_pci_device.c | 2 +-
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.../testing/selftests/vfio/vfio_pci_driver_test.c | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/wireguard/qemu/kernel.config | 2 +-
.../testing/selftests/x86/corrupt_xstate_header.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/x86/helpers.h | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/x86/lam.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/x86/syscall_numbering.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/x86/test_mremap_vdso.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/x86/test_vsyscall.c | 2 +-
tools/testing/selftests/x86/xstate.h | 2 +-
440 files changed, 8032 insertions(+), 1802 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-kernel-kexec-kdump
create mode 100644 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-kexec-kdump
create mode 100644 Documentation/core-api/liveupdate.rst
create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/hw-recoverable-errors.rst
create mode 100644 Documentation/mm/memfd_preservation.rst
create mode 100644 Documentation/userspace-api/liveupdate.rst
create mode 100644 include/linux/kho/abi/luo.h
create mode 100644 include/linux/kho/abi/memfd.h
create mode 100644 include/linux/liveupdate.h
create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/liveupdate.h
delete mode 100644 kernel/kexec_handover_internal.h
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/Kconfig
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/Makefile
rename kernel/{ => liveupdate}/kexec_handover.c (75%)
rename kernel/{ => liveupdate}/kexec_handover_debug.c (100%)
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/kexec_handover_debugfs.c
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/kexec_handover_internal.h
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/luo_core.c
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/luo_file.c
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/luo_internal.h
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/luo_session.c
create mode 100644 lib/tests/base64_kunit.c
create mode 100644 mm/memfd_luo.c
create mode 100644 scripts/gdb/linux/bpf.py
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/.gitignore
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/Makefile
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/config
create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/do_kexec.sh
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/liveupdate.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/luo_kexec_simple.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/luo_multi_session.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/luo_test_utils.c
create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/liveupdate/luo_test_utils.h
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-06 19:15 [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1 Andrew Morton
@ 2025-12-06 23:33 ` pr-tracker-bot
2025-12-06 23:40 ` Linus Torvalds
1 sibling, 0 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: pr-tracker-bot @ 2025-12-06 23:33 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton
Cc: Linus Torvalds, linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
The pull request you sent on Sat, 6 Dec 2025 11:15:33 -0800:
> git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm tags/mm-nonmm-stable-2025-12-06-11-14
has been merged into torvalds/linux.git:
https://git.kernel.org/torvalds/c/509d3f45847627f4c5cdce004c3ec79262b5239c
Thank you!
--
Deet-doot-dot, I am a bot.
https://korg.docs.kernel.org/prtracker.html
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-06 19:15 [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1 Andrew Morton
2025-12-06 23:33 ` pr-tracker-bot
@ 2025-12-06 23:40 ` Linus Torvalds
2025-12-08 1:11 ` Joseph Qi
1 sibling, 1 reply; 9+ messages in thread
From: Linus Torvalds @ 2025-12-06 23:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Andrew Morton, Dmitry Antipov, Joseph Qi, Heming Zhao, Mark Fasheh
Cc: linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
On Sat, 6 Dec 2025 at 11:15, Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> wrote:
>
> Dmitry Antipov (8):
> ocfs2: annotate flexible array members with __counted_by_le()
This causes the build to fail for me with gcc 15.2.1:
In function ‘fortify_memset_chk’,
inlined from ‘ocfs2_reflink_xattr_header’ at fs/ocfs2/xattr.c:6365:5:
include/linux/fortify-string.h:480:25: error: call to
‘__write_overflow_field’ declared with attribute warning: detected
write beyond size of field (1st parameter); maybe use struct_group()?
[-Werror=attribute-warning]
And the reason appears to likely be a bug this exposes, rather than a
bug in the annotation. But I really don't know the ocfs2 code at all,
so I'm going by "the error message is horrendous, but I can follow the
logic in the code, and I think the code was actually wrong".
I have "fixed" things.
And I put that "fixed' in quotes, because my fix looks sane to me, and
makes the array counting logic happy, and my fix may well be the
RightThing(tm), but somebody who actually knows the ocfs2 code needs
to check it out.
See commit c06c303832ec ("ocfs2: fix xattr array entry __counted_by
error") which simply makes the 'last' pointer point to the actual last
entry, rather than point to one _past_ the last entry. So now the
memmove() and memset() in the "possibly remove entry" loop below might
actually work right, in addition to building cleanly.
But again: I did this without knowing anything about the code, just by
looking at the logic.
I _think_ the code used to copy one entry too much, and cleared an
entry past the end. It probably worked fine, because the code also
decrements xh_count, so even if it cleared the wrong entry, it was
past the counted end.
I'm a bit unhappy that this didn't show up in linux-next and that I
had to chase this down. I don't think my gcc version is that odd.
Anyway, it's building for me, but I really really want some ocfs2
person to take a look. Please?
Linus
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-06 23:40 ` Linus Torvalds
@ 2025-12-08 1:11 ` Joseph Qi
2025-12-08 2:21 ` Linus Torvalds
0 siblings, 1 reply; 9+ messages in thread
From: Joseph Qi @ 2025-12-08 1:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Linus Torvalds, Andrew Morton, Dmitry Antipov, Heming Zhao, Mark Fasheh
Cc: linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
On 2025/12/7 07:40, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> On Sat, 6 Dec 2025 at 11:15, Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> wrote:
>>
>> Dmitry Antipov (8):
>> ocfs2: annotate flexible array members with __counted_by_le()
>
> This causes the build to fail for me with gcc 15.2.1:
>
> In function ‘fortify_memset_chk’,
> inlined from ‘ocfs2_reflink_xattr_header’ at fs/ocfs2/xattr.c:6365:5:
> include/linux/fortify-string.h:480:25: error: call to
> ‘__write_overflow_field’ declared with attribute warning: detected
> write beyond size of field (1st parameter); maybe use struct_group()?
> [-Werror=attribute-warning]
>
> And the reason appears to likely be a bug this exposes, rather than a
> bug in the annotation. But I really don't know the ocfs2 code at all,
> so I'm going by "the error message is horrendous, but I can follow the
> logic in the code, and I think the code was actually wrong".
>
> I have "fixed" things.
>
> And I put that "fixed' in quotes, because my fix looks sane to me, and
> makes the array counting logic happy, and my fix may well be the
> RightThing(tm), but somebody who actually knows the ocfs2 code needs
> to check it out.
>
> See commit c06c303832ec ("ocfs2: fix xattr array entry __counted_by
> error") which simply makes the 'last' pointer point to the actual last
> entry, rather than point to one _past_ the last entry. So now the
> memmove() and memset() in the "possibly remove entry" loop below might
> actually work right, in addition to building cleanly.
>
> But again: I did this without knowing anything about the code, just by
> looking at the logic.
>
> I _think_ the code used to copy one entry too much, and cleared an
> entry past the end. It probably worked fine, because the code also
> decrements xh_count, so even if it cleared the wrong entry, it was
> past the counted end.
>
> I'm a bit unhappy that this didn't show up in linux-next and that I
> had to chase this down. I don't think my gcc version is that odd.
>
> Anyway, it's building for me, but I really really want some ocfs2
> person to take a look. Please?
>
It looks fine to me.
Sorry for the noise and thank you for pointing out my mistake.
Thanks,
Joseph
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-08 1:11 ` Joseph Qi
@ 2025-12-08 2:21 ` Linus Torvalds
2025-12-08 4:01 ` Joseph Qi
0 siblings, 1 reply; 9+ messages in thread
From: Linus Torvalds @ 2025-12-08 2:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph Qi
Cc: Andrew Morton, Dmitry Antipov, Heming Zhao, Mark Fasheh,
linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
On Mon, 8 Dec 2025 at 10:11, Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com> wrote:
>
> On 2025/12/7 07:40, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> >
> > See commit c06c303832ec ("ocfs2: fix xattr array entry __counted_by
> > error") which simply makes the 'last' pointer point to the actual last
> > entry, rather than point to one _past_ the last entry.
>
> It looks fine to me.
> Sorry for the noise and thank you for pointing out my mistake.
Note that if my fix is correct, the mistake is most certainly not
yours and goes all the way back to 2009, and commit 0fe9b66c65f3
("ocfs2: Add preserve to reflink").
But I would really love to have somebody who knows that code go
through it, and see if my fix actually is the right thing to do.
Linus
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-08 2:21 ` Linus Torvalds
@ 2025-12-08 4:01 ` Joseph Qi
2025-12-08 4:08 ` Linus Torvalds
2025-12-08 7:58 ` Heming Zhao
0 siblings, 2 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: Joseph Qi @ 2025-12-08 4:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Linus Torvalds, Heming Zhao
Cc: Andrew Morton, Dmitry Antipov, Mark Fasheh, linux-kernel,
linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
On 2025/12/8 10:21, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> On Mon, 8 Dec 2025 at 10:11, Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com> wrote:
>>
>> On 2025/12/7 07:40, Linus Torvalds wrote:
>>>
>>> See commit c06c303832ec ("ocfs2: fix xattr array entry __counted_by
>>> error") which simply makes the 'last' pointer point to the actual last
>>> entry, rather than point to one _past_ the last entry.
>>
>> It looks fine to me.
>> Sorry for the noise and thank you for pointing out my mistake.
>
> Note that if my fix is correct, the mistake is most certainly not
> yours and goes all the way back to 2009, and commit 0fe9b66c65f3
> ("ocfs2: Add preserve to reflink").
>
> But I would really love to have somebody who knows that code go
> through it, and see if my fix actually is the right thing to do.
>
Go through the code logic again, maybe I'm wrong before.
Take the following flow for example:
ocfs2_reflink_xattr_in_block
ocfs2_create_empty_xattr_block
ocfs2_create_xattr_block
memset(xblk, 0, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
ocfs2_reflink_xattr_block
ocfs2_reflink_xattr_header
It seems now new_xh->xh_count is 0. That's means, it is trying to add a
new entry and here 'last' is pointing the next free entry.
If so, the original code seems right.
Heming, could you please verify this? I'm not familiar with this logic...
Thanks,
Joseph
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-08 4:01 ` Joseph Qi
@ 2025-12-08 4:08 ` Linus Torvalds
2025-12-08 7:58 ` Heming Zhao
1 sibling, 0 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: Linus Torvalds @ 2025-12-08 4:08 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph Qi
Cc: Heming Zhao, Andrew Morton, Dmitry Antipov, Mark Fasheh,
linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
On Mon, 8 Dec 2025 at 13:01, Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com> wrote:
>
> It seems now new_xh->xh_count is 0. That's means, it is trying to add a
> new entry and here 'last' is pointing the next free entry.
No. If new_xh->xh_count is 0, nothing ever happens, because it checks
for that case:
if (new_xh->xh_count) {
and that's the only place where 'last' is ever used.
Linus
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-08 4:01 ` Joseph Qi
2025-12-08 4:08 ` Linus Torvalds
@ 2025-12-08 7:58 ` Heming Zhao
2025-12-08 19:07 ` Mark Fasheh
1 sibling, 1 reply; 9+ messages in thread
From: Heming Zhao @ 2025-12-08 7:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Joseph Qi
Cc: Linus Torvalds, Andrew Morton, Dmitry Antipov, Mark Fasheh,
linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
On Mon, Dec 08, 2025 at 12:01:09PM +0800, Joseph Qi wrote:
>
>
> On 2025/12/8 10:21, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> > On Mon, 8 Dec 2025 at 10:11, Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> On 2025/12/7 07:40, Linus Torvalds wrote:
> >>>
> >>> See commit c06c303832ec ("ocfs2: fix xattr array entry __counted_by
> >>> error") which simply makes the 'last' pointer point to the actual last
> >>> entry, rather than point to one _past_ the last entry.
> >>
> >> It looks fine to me.
> >> Sorry for the noise and thank you for pointing out my mistake.
> >
> > Note that if my fix is correct, the mistake is most certainly not
> > yours and goes all the way back to 2009, and commit 0fe9b66c65f3
> > ("ocfs2: Add preserve to reflink").
> >
> > But I would really love to have somebody who knows that code go
> > through it, and see if my fix actually is the right thing to do.
> >
>
> Go through the code logic again, maybe I'm wrong before.
>
> Take the following flow for example:
>
> ocfs2_reflink_xattr_in_block
> ocfs2_create_empty_xattr_block
> ocfs2_create_xattr_block
> memset(xblk, 0, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
> ocfs2_reflink_xattr_block
> ocfs2_reflink_xattr_header
In ocfs2_reflink_xattr_block(), the call to memcpy(new_blk_bh->.., blk_bh->.., ...)
occurs before ocfs2_reflink_xattr_header(). Therefore, the new_xh->xh_count is
very likely not ZERO.
>
> It seems now new_xh->xh_count is 0. That's means, it is trying to add a
> new entry and here 'last' is pointing the next free entry.
> If so, the original code seems right.
>
> Heming, could you please verify this? I'm not familiar with this logic...
>
> Thanks,
> Joseph
In ocfs2_reflink_xattrs(), when preserve_security is false, the function sets
'args.xattr_reflinked'. IMUC, it means that if users want to preserve security
xattr items, the args.xattr_reflinked is NULL, this then results in
ocfs2_reflink_xattr_header() not executing the cleanup jobs, (in the code area
defined by "if (args->xattr_reflinked && !args->xattr_reflinked(xe))").
Regarding the clean jobs:
- by default, it only handles three types:
OCFS2_XATTR_INDEX_[SECURITY|POSIX_ACL_ACCESS|POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT]
- it cleans the first item and shifts forward the remaining items.
It seems Linus' patch does not handle all cases. If new_xh->xh_count is 1,
le16_add_cpu(&new_xh->xh_count, -1) makes it to 0, and it will miss the cleanup
job.
Thanks,
Heming
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
* Re: [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1
2025-12-08 7:58 ` Heming Zhao
@ 2025-12-08 19:07 ` Mark Fasheh
0 siblings, 0 replies; 9+ messages in thread
From: Mark Fasheh @ 2025-12-08 19:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Heming Zhao
Cc: Joseph Qi, Linus Torvalds, Andrew Morton, Dmitry Antipov,
linux-kernel, linux-mm, mm-commits, Pasha Tatashin
On Sun, Dec 7, 2025 at 11:58 PM Heming Zhao <heming.zhao@suse.com> wrote:
>
> On Mon, Dec 08, 2025 at 12:01:09PM +0800, Joseph Qi wrote:
> > It seems now new_xh->xh_count is 0. That's means, it is trying to add a
> > new entry and here 'last' is pointing the next free entry.
> > If so, the original code seems right.
> >
> > Heming, could you please verify this? I'm not familiar with this logic...
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Joseph
Thanks Joseph and Heming for looking into this.
> In ocfs2_reflink_xattrs(), when preserve_security is false, the function sets
> 'args.xattr_reflinked'. IMUC, it means that if users want to preserve security
> xattr items, the args.xattr_reflinked is NULL, this then results in
> ocfs2_reflink_xattr_header() not executing the cleanup jobs, (in the code area
> defined by "if (args->xattr_reflinked && !args->xattr_reflinked(xe))").
>
> Regarding the clean jobs:
> - by default, it only handles three types:
> OCFS2_XATTR_INDEX_[SECURITY|POSIX_ACL_ACCESS|POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT]
> - it cleans the first item and shifts forward the remaining items.
>
> It seems Linus' patch does not handle all cases. If new_xh->xh_count is 1,
> le16_add_cpu(&new_xh->xh_count, -1) makes it to 0, and it will miss the cleanup
> job.
It's been a while since I've look at Ocfs2 xattr so take what I say
with a grain of salt :)
That said, I agree that the cleanup code looks suspect. I think the
answer is to always memset the entry that we just removed even when
xh_count becomes zero.
Thanks,
--Mark
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 9+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2025-12-08 19:08 UTC | newest]
Thread overview: 9+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed)
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2025-12-06 19:15 [GIT PULL] non-MM updates for 6.19-rc1 Andrew Morton
2025-12-06 23:33 ` pr-tracker-bot
2025-12-06 23:40 ` Linus Torvalds
2025-12-08 1:11 ` Joseph Qi
2025-12-08 2:21 ` Linus Torvalds
2025-12-08 4:01 ` Joseph Qi
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2025-12-08 7:58 ` Heming Zhao
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